Learner and Learning Process Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following intelligence test is useful to measure intelligence quotient of a person who is illiterate, deaf and dumb ?

The suitable test is Bhatia's performance test.C.M. Bhatia's Battery of Performance Tests of Intelligence (1955) is a non-verbal test made up of tasks such as Koh's block design, pattern drawing, picture construction and immediate memory. Because it needs no reading or speech, it can be used with illiterate people and with those who cannot hear or speak.The Otis test and the Simplex mental test are verbal group tests that require reading, and Terman's Stanford-Binet relies heavily on language. They would underestimate the intelligence of a person who is illiterate or has a hearing and speech impairment.

Q: According to ............... personality is whole organism in action.

The key gives behaviourism.The key reads the phrase as describing the person as an organism whose whole set of behaviour, observed in action, is the personality. In Watson's behaviourism, personality is the product of the organism's organised habits and its reactions, which he applied to the 'whole organism' in his Psychology; this is the link the key relies on. Structuralism analysed consciousness into elements, so it does not fit a description of the whole organism acting.I could not trace the exact sentence to a named author. Accounts of John Dewey and the functionalists also describe the total organism functioning in its environment, and Gestalt psychology stresses wholes, so the item is not clear-cut. The explanation here follows the official key and does not claim more than that.

Q: The term infantile sexuality was put forth by ..............

The term was put forth by Freud.In Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905) Sigmund Freud argued that sexual drives exist from infancy and develop through the oral, anal and phallic stages, followed by latency and the genital stage. This idea of infantile sexuality was central to psychoanalysis and was the point on which his followers most often broke with him.Alfred Adler stressed feelings of inferiority and striving for superiority, Carl Jung redefined libido as general psychic energy, and Karen Horney emphasised basic anxiety and social factors. All three rejected or played down infantile sexuality.

Q: ............ is related with social competance.

Social competence is related to Emotional intelligence.Emotional intelligence, popularised by Daniel Goleman (1995) after Salovey and Mayer, covers self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills. Its social side, understanding others' emotions and managing relationships, is what is meant by social competence.Linguistic and spatial intelligence are Gardner's intelligences for language and for visual-spatial thinking. Intra-personal intelligence concerns understanding oneself, not dealing with others; the social side in Gardner's scheme is interpersonal intelligence, which is not offered. So emotional intelligence is the option tied to social competence.

Q: 'Guidance is a process of dynamic interpersonal relationships designed to influence the attitudes and subsequent behaviour of a person'. This definition of guidance has been put forth by.......

The definition is Good's.Carter V. Good, in his Dictionary of Education (1945), defined guidance as a process of dynamic interpersonal relationships designed to influence the attitudes and subsequent behaviour of a person. The stress on the relationship between counsellor and pupil is the mark of his definition.Ruth Strang defined guidance as helping each individual to discover and develop his potentialities through his own efforts. John Brewer linked guidance closely with education itself, and Arthur J. Jones defined it as the help given by one person to another in making choices and adjustments.

Q: Paterson has told ............... types of guidance.

The key gives (i) Personal (ii) Economical (iii) Healthiness (iv) Educational.Paterson's classification of guidance, as given in guidance textbooks, lists educational, vocational, personal, health and economic guidance. The second option is made up only of members of that list (personal, economic, health and educational), although it leaves out vocational guidance.The other options each include a type that is not in Paterson's list: character development in the first and fourth, and religious guidance in the third. Because every item of the keyed option is a recognised Paterson type, it is the only one that can be right. Do not confuse this list with W.M. Proctor's, which has other headings such as social and civic activities, leisure time and character building.

Q: Ruth Strang focuses on .......... while defining guidance.

Ruth Strang focuses on Self-guidance.Strang defined guidance as a process of helping every individual, through his own efforts, to discover and develop his potentialities for his personal happiness and social usefulness. The phrase 'through his own efforts' makes the goal of guidance self-guidance: the person learns to direct his own life.Family, economic and social guidance are particular areas in which guidance may be given; they are not the focus of her definition.

Q: In the Kolb's cycle of Experiental learning ............. type of experiences are included.

Kolb's cycle includes Concrete experience.David Kolb's experiential learning cycle (1984) has four stages: concrete experience (doing or having an experience), reflective observation (reviewing it), abstract conceptualisation (drawing conclusions and concepts from it) and active experimentation (trying out what was learnt). The paper spells experiential as 'Experiental'.'Observable', 'direct' and 'indirect' experience are not the names Kolb gives to any stage; observation appears only as reflective observation, which comes after the concrete experience.

Q: The constructivist theory of Vygotsky has given emphasis on ............ learning process.

Vygotsky emphasised the Social learning process.Lev Vygotsky's social constructivism holds that learning happens first between people and is then internalised. Children learn through interaction with more knowledgeable others in the zone of proximal development, supported by scaffolding, and through cultural tools, above all language.Piaget's constructivism is the one that stresses the individual's cognitive processes. Vygotsky was concerned with cognition too, but the defining emphasis of his theory is its social nature, not the affective or moral side of learning.

Q: Rogers while explaining personality, he gives importance to ................ .

The key gives Self.Carl Rogers explained personality through the self: the self-concept, formed from the person's experience and the evaluations of others, and the match or mismatch between the real self and the ideal self. A person who is open to experience and whose self-concept fits it is the 'fully functioning person'. Self is therefore the central construct, and that is what the question asks about.Rogers also stressed living in the present, so 'here and now' is a feature of his approach, but it describes his therapy and the fully functioning person rather than the structure of personality, and it is the weaker answer. Futuristic and past phenomena are not what his account of personality is built on.

61.

Which of the following intelligence test is useful to measure intelligence quotient of a person who is illiterate, deaf and dumb ?

A.Bhatia's performance test
B.Otis test
C.Terman's test
D.Simplex mental test

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The suitable test is Bhatia's performance test.

C.M. Bhatia's Battery of Performance Tests of Intelligence (1955) is a non-verbal test made up of tasks such as Koh's block design, pattern drawing, picture construction and immediate memory. Because it needs no reading or speech, it can be used with illiterate people and with those who cannot hear or speak.

The Otis test and the Simplex mental test are verbal group tests that require reading, and Terman's Stanford-Binet relies heavily on language. They would underestimate the intelligence of a person who is illiterate or has a hearing and speech impairment.

Discuss in Forum

62.

According to ............... personality is whole organism in action.

A.behaviourism
B.structuralism
C.functionalism
D.gestaltism

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The key gives behaviourism.

The key reads the phrase as describing the person as an organism whose whole set of behaviour, observed in action, is the personality. In Watson's behaviourism, personality is the product of the organism's organised habits and its reactions, which he applied to the 'whole organism' in his Psychology; this is the link the key relies on. Structuralism analysed consciousness into elements, so it does not fit a description of the whole organism acting.

I could not trace the exact sentence to a named author. Accounts of John Dewey and the functionalists also describe the total organism functioning in its environment, and Gestalt psychology stresses wholes, so the item is not clear-cut. The explanation here follows the official key and does not claim more than that.

Discuss in Forum

63.

The term infantile sexuality was put forth by ..............

A.Adler
B.Freud
C.Jung
D.Horney

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The term was put forth by Freud.

In Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905) Sigmund Freud argued that sexual drives exist from infancy and develop through the oral, anal and phallic stages, followed by latency and the genital stage. This idea of infantile sexuality was central to psychoanalysis and was the point on which his followers most often broke with him.

Alfred Adler stressed feelings of inferiority and striving for superiority, Carl Jung redefined libido as general psychic energy, and Karen Horney emphasised basic anxiety and social factors. All three rejected or played down infantile sexuality.

Discuss in Forum

64.

............ is related with social competance.

A.Emotional intelligence
B.Linguistic intelligence
C.Intra-personal intelligence
D.Spatial intelligence

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Social competence is related to Emotional intelligence.

Emotional intelligence, popularised by Daniel Goleman (1995) after Salovey and Mayer, covers self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills. Its social side, understanding others' emotions and managing relationships, is what is meant by social competence.

Linguistic and spatial intelligence are Gardner's intelligences for language and for visual-spatial thinking. Intra-personal intelligence concerns understanding oneself, not dealing with others; the social side in Gardner's scheme is interpersonal intelligence, which is not offered. So emotional intelligence is the option tied to social competence.

Discuss in Forum

65.

'Guidance is a process of dynamic interpersonal relationships designed to influence the attitudes and subsequent behaviour of a person'. This definition of guidance has been put forth by.......

A.Ruth Strang
B.Good
C.Brewer
D.Jones

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The definition is Good's.

Carter V. Good, in his Dictionary of Education (1945), defined guidance as a process of dynamic interpersonal relationships designed to influence the attitudes and subsequent behaviour of a person. The stress on the relationship between counsellor and pupil is the mark of his definition.

Ruth Strang defined guidance as helping each individual to discover and develop his potentialities through his own efforts. John Brewer linked guidance closely with education itself, and Arthur J. Jones defined it as the help given by one person to another in making choices and adjustments.

Discuss in Forum

66.

Paterson has told ............... types of guidance.

A.(i) Educational (ii) Vocational (iii) Character development (iv) Personal
B.(i) Personal (ii) Economical (iii) Healthiness (iv) Educational
C.(i) Educational (ii) Religious (iii) Vocational (iv) Healthiness
D.(i) Character development (ii) Educational (iii) Economical (iv) Personal

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The key gives (i) Personal (ii) Economical (iii) Healthiness (iv) Educational.

Paterson's classification of guidance, as given in guidance textbooks, lists educational, vocational, personal, health and economic guidance. The second option is made up only of members of that list (personal, economic, health and educational), although it leaves out vocational guidance.

The other options each include a type that is not in Paterson's list: character development in the first and fourth, and religious guidance in the third. Because every item of the keyed option is a recognised Paterson type, it is the only one that can be right. Do not confuse this list with W.M. Proctor's, which has other headings such as social and civic activities, leisure time and character building.

Discuss in Forum

67.

Ruth Strang focuses on .......... while defining guidance.

A.Self-guidance
B.Family guidance
C.Economical guidance
D.Social guidance

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Ruth Strang focuses on Self-guidance.

Strang defined guidance as a process of helping every individual, through his own efforts, to discover and develop his potentialities for his personal happiness and social usefulness. The phrase 'through his own efforts' makes the goal of guidance self-guidance: the person learns to direct his own life.

Family, economic and social guidance are particular areas in which guidance may be given; they are not the focus of her definition.

Discuss in Forum

68.

In the Kolb's cycle of Experiental learning ............. type of experiences are included.

A.Observable
B.Concrete
C.Direct
D.Indirect

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

Kolb's cycle includes Concrete experience.

David Kolb's experiential learning cycle (1984) has four stages: concrete experience (doing or having an experience), reflective observation (reviewing it), abstract conceptualisation (drawing conclusions and concepts from it) and active experimentation (trying out what was learnt). The paper spells experiential as 'Experiental'.

'Observable', 'direct' and 'indirect' experience are not the names Kolb gives to any stage; observation appears only as reflective observation, which comes after the concrete experience.

Discuss in Forum

69.

The constructivist theory of Vygotsky has given emphasis on ............ learning process.

A.Cognitive
B.Affective
C.Social
D.Moral

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

Vygotsky emphasised the Social learning process.

Lev Vygotsky's social constructivism holds that learning happens first between people and is then internalised. Children learn through interaction with more knowledgeable others in the zone of proximal development, supported by scaffolding, and through cultural tools, above all language.

Piaget's constructivism is the one that stresses the individual's cognitive processes. Vygotsky was concerned with cognition too, but the defining emphasis of his theory is its social nature, not the affective or moral side of learning.

Discuss in Forum

70.

Rogers while explaining personality, he gives importance to ................ .

A.Here and now phenomenon
B.Futuristic phenomenon
C.Past phenomenon
D.Self

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The key gives Self.

Carl Rogers explained personality through the self: the self-concept, formed from the person's experience and the evaluations of others, and the match or mismatch between the real self and the ideal self. A person who is open to experience and whose self-concept fits it is the 'fully functioning person'. Self is therefore the central construct, and that is what the question asks about.

Rogers also stressed living in the present, so 'here and now' is a feature of his approach, but it describes his therapy and the fully functioning person rather than the structure of personality, and it is the weaker answer. Futuristic and past phenomena are not what his account of personality is built on.

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