Modeling Data in the Organization Questions and Answers

Q: Business rules and policies are universal.

Correct answer: FalseBusiness rules are specific to the organisation that adopts them, which is exactly why they must be captured rather than assumed. Two firms in the same trade will define a customer, a sale or an active account differently, and a model built on the modeller’s assumptions rather than the organisation’s rules will be wrong in ways nobody notices until late.

Q: A time stamp is a time value that is associated with a data value.

Correct answer: TrueA time stamp records when a value applied, which is what makes a time-varying attribute possible: an employee’s salary is not one value but a series of values each with the period it held for. Storing history this way is how a database answers questions about the past rather than only the present.

Q: A logical representation of the data for an organization or for a business area is known as an entity-relationship model.

Correct answer: TrueThe entity-relationship model is a logical representation of an organisation’s data - what exists and how it relates - independent of how it will be stored or of what software will hold it. That independence is what lets the same model be implemented on different products, and what makes it worth validating with users.

Q: A fact is a word or phrase that has a specific meaning for the business.

Correct answer: FalseA word or phrase with a specific meaning for the business is a term. A fact is an association between two or more terms, such as a customer placing an order. Terms and facts together are the raw material from which entities, attributes and relationships are drawn.

Q: An entity name should be which of the following?

Correct answer: All of the above.The conventions all serve readability. A singular noun, because the name denotes one instance rather than a collection; concise, because it appears repeatedly on diagrams and in code; and specific to the organisation, because a name taken from a textbook rather than from the business will not be recognised by the people who must validate the model.

Q: Output reports should be included as part of an ERD.

Correct answer: FalseAn entity-relationship diagram models data, not the ways it will be presented. Reports are outputs produced from the data by applications, and including them would confuse the conceptual model with the systems built on it - and would tie the model to today’s reporting requirements.

Q: A ternary relationship involves how many entities?

Correct answer: 3Ternary means exactly three entity types participating in a single relationship, and it is genuinely different from three binary relationships between the same entities - a fact linking a supplier, a part and a project is not recoverable from three pairwise associations. It is usually implemented as an associative entity.

Q: Cardinality specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each instance of another entity.

Correct answer: TrueThis is the definition. Cardinality is read in both directions and expressed as a minimum and a maximum at each end, and those four figures together determine both whether participation is required and how many instances are permitted.

Q: Multiple and binary relationships are the same thing.

Correct answer: FalseMultiple and binary are unrelated terms. Binary describes the degree of a relationship, meaning two entity types take part. Multiple describes an attribute that can hold more than one value for a single instance. Confusing the two mixes up a property of relationships with a property of attributes.

21.

A composite attribute is which of the following?

A.An attribute that can be broken into components
B.An attribute that cannot be broken into components
C.Multiple attributes
D.An identifier

Answer: A

Correct answer: An attribute that can be broken into components

A composite attribute has meaningful parts - an address into street, town and postcode, a name into forename and surname. Whether to store it whole or in parts is a design decision: split it if the parts will be used separately, and leave it whole if it will always be handled as a unit.

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22.

Business rules and policies are universal.

A.True
B.False

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

Business rules are specific to the organisation that adopts them, which is exactly why they must be captured rather than assumed. Two firms in the same trade will define a customer, a sale or an active account differently, and a model built on the modeller’s assumptions rather than the organisation’s rules will be wrong in ways nobody notices until late.

Discuss in Forum

23.

A time stamp is a time value that is associated with a data value.

A.True
B.False

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

A time stamp records when a value applied, which is what makes a time-varying attribute possible: an employee’s salary is not one value but a series of values each with the period it held for. Storing history this way is how a database answers questions about the past rather than only the present.

Discuss in Forum

24.

A logical representation of the data for an organization or for a business area is known as an entity-relationship model.

A.True
B.False

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

The entity-relationship model is a logical representation of an organisation’s data - what exists and how it relates - independent of how it will be stored or of what software will hold it. That independence is what lets the same model be implemented on different products, and what makes it worth validating with users.

Discuss in Forum

25.

A fact is a word or phrase that has a specific meaning for the business.

A.True
B.False

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

A word or phrase with a specific meaning for the business is a term. A fact is an association between two or more terms, such as a customer placing an order. Terms and facts together are the raw material from which entities, attributes and relationships are drawn.

Discuss in Forum

26.

An entity name should be which of the following?

A.A singular noun
B.Specific to the organization
C.Concise
D.All of the above.

Answer: D

Correct answer: All of the above.

The conventions all serve readability. A singular noun, because the name denotes one instance rather than a collection; concise, because it appears repeatedly on diagrams and in code; and specific to the organisation, because a name taken from a textbook rather than from the business will not be recognised by the people who must validate the model.

Discuss in Forum

27.

Output reports should be included as part of an ERD.

A.True
B.False

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

An entity-relationship diagram models data, not the ways it will be presented. Reports are outputs produced from the data by applications, and including them would confuse the conceptual model with the systems built on it - and would tie the model to today’s reporting requirements.

Discuss in Forum

28.

A ternary relationship involves how many entities?

A.3 or less
B.3
C.More than 3
D.3 or more

Answer: B

Correct answer: 3

Ternary means exactly three entity types participating in a single relationship, and it is genuinely different from three binary relationships between the same entities - a fact linking a supplier, a part and a project is not recoverable from three pairwise associations. It is usually implemented as an associative entity.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Cardinality specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each instance of another entity.

A.True
B.False

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

This is the definition. Cardinality is read in both directions and expressed as a minimum and a maximum at each end, and those four figures together determine both whether participation is required and how many instances are permitted.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Multiple and binary relationships are the same thing.

A.True
B.False

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

Multiple and binary are unrelated terms. Binary describes the degree of a relationship, meaning two entity types take part. Multiple describes an attribute that can hold more than one value for a single instance. Confusing the two mixes up a property of relationships with a property of attributes.

Discuss in Forum

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