Sustainable Development Questions and Answers

Q: When was the first 'Earth Summit' organised?

The first Earth Summit was held in 1992.The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, known as the Earth Summit, met at Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. It adopted the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 and opened the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity for signature.The other years are not the year of the Rio conference.

Q: To promote a "Circular Economy" and sustainable lifestyle choices as part of the Viksit Bharat agenda. the Prime Minister launched which global mass movement at COP 26?

The movement is Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment).Prime Minister Narendra Modi introduced the idea of LiFE at COP26 in Glasgow in November 2021, calling for a mass movement of mindful consumption and sustainable lifestyles. Mission LiFE was formally launched in October 2022.PM-KUSUM is a solar-pump scheme for farmers, the Green Credit Programme rewards environmental actions with tradable credits, and Gati Shakti is an infrastructure master plan, so none of them is the global mass movement announced at COP26.

Q: Which two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) did Kerala top in the SDG India Index 2023-24?

Kerala topped Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 4 (Quality Education).In NITI Aayog's SDG India Index 2023-24, Kerala ranked first overall, with a composite score of 79, and it was the top state on two individual goals: Goal 2, Zero Hunger, with a score of 84, and Goal 4, Quality Education, with a score of 82.Kerala scores well on health and on several other goals too, which makes Goal 3 a tempting choice, but it was not the top state on Goals 1 and 3, on Goals 5 and 7 or on Goals 8 and 10, so the other three pairs are wrong.

Q: "Eco-development" means ________ .

Eco-development means in situ conservation of biological diversity involving local communities.Eco-development is a strategy for protecting wildlife in its natural habitat, such as national parks and sanctuaries, by involving the people who live around them. It reduces their dependence on the protected area's resources by offering alternative sources of fuel, fodder and income, so that conservation and local welfare support each other. India's Ecodevelopment Project of the 1990s applied it in several tiger reserves.Ex situ conservation protects species outside their habitat, in zoos, botanical gardens and seed banks. Developing wasteland or forest land are land-use activities, not the meaning of eco-development.

Q: According to SDG India Index 2018, SDG1, SDG2 and SDG9 represent respectively :

SDG1, SDG2 and SDG9 are No poverty; Zero hunger; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.The Sustainable Development Goals are numbered: 1 No poverty, 2 Zero hunger, 3 Good health and well-being, 4 Quality education, 5 Gender equality, 6 Clean water and sanitation, 7 Affordable and clean energy, 8 Decent work and economic growth, 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure, and so on to 17.Quality education is SDG4, life on land SDG15, clean water SDG6, climate action SDG13, sustainable cities SDG11 and gender equality SDG5, so the other sequences do not match 1, 2 and 9.

Q: According to NITI Aayog's SDG India Index 2020, how are the different categories of States' performance in Sustainable Development Goals defined on the basis of index score range ?

The categories are Aspirant : 0 - 49, Performer : 50 - 64, Front-runner : 65 - 99, Achiever : 100.NITI Aayog's SDG India Index classifies states and Union territories by their composite score from 0 to 100. The categories rise with the score: an Aspirant is the lowest band, a Performer the next, a Front-runner the high band below 100, and an Achiever has reached the target score of 100.The other options scramble this order, for example calling a score of 100 'Aspirant', which contradicts the meaning of the names.

Q: The 5 Ps of SDGs are -

The 5 Ps are Prosperity, Planet, Peace, People, Partnership.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the United Nations in 2015, groups the 17 Sustainable Development Goals under five areas of critical importance: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership.Each of the other options slips in a word that is not one of the five: Power and Protection, Population, or Profit and Power.

Q: The GRIHA rating was developed by :

GRIHA was developed by TERI, The Energy and Resources Institute.GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) is India's national green building rating system. TERI developed it and it was adopted by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in 2007. It rates buildings on energy and water use, site planning, waste and indoor environment over their life cycle.IGBC, the Indian Green Building Council of the Confederation of Indian Industry, runs a separate rating system, IGBC (and earlier LEED India). ISO sets international standards, and MoEFCC is the environment ministry; neither developed GRIHA.

Q: Green India Mission is a part of :

The Green India Mission is part of the National Action Plan for Climate Change.The National Action Plan on Climate Change, released in 2008, set up eight national missions, among them the National Solar Mission, the Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, and the National Mission for a Green India. The Green India Mission aims to protect, restore and enhance India's forest cover as a response to climate change.The Millennium Development Goals were the UN's global goals for 2000-2015, the River Action Plans concern cleaning rivers such as the Ganga, and the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (printed 'Swatch') is the sanitation campaign.

Q: Why is it good to buy Eco-marked products, because ?(i) These products have lower environmental impact.(ii) Their production involves the use of non-renewable energy.(iii) Buying such products makes a commitment to the future environment.(iv) Products cannot be recycled.

Eco-marked products are good to buy because of (i) and (iii).The Ecomark scheme, started by the Government of India in 1991, labels consumer products that meet standards for reduced environmental harm. Buying them means choosing goods with a lower environmental impact (i) and expresses a commitment to protecting the future environment (iii).Statements (ii) and (iv) are the opposite of what the label stands for: eco-labelled products aim to reduce the use of non-renewable resources and favour recyclability. So every option including (ii) or (iv) is wrong.

When was the first 'Earth Summit' organised?

A.1991
B.1992
C.1993
D.1994

Exam Year(s)

JPSC Civil Services - 2026,

Answer: B

The first Earth Summit was held in 1992.

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, known as the Earth Summit, met at Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. It adopted the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 and opened the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity for signature.

The other years are not the year of the Rio conference.

Discuss in Forum

To promote a "Circular Economy" and sustainable lifestyle choices as part of the Viksit Bharat agenda. the Prime Minister launched which global mass movement at COP 26?

A.PM-KUSUM
B.Mission life
C.Green Credit Program
D.Gati Shakti

Exam Year(s)

JPSC Civil Services - 2026,

Answer: B

The movement is Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment).

Prime Minister Narendra Modi introduced the idea of LiFE at COP26 in Glasgow in November 2021, calling for a mass movement of mindful consumption and sustainable lifestyles. Mission LiFE was formally launched in October 2022.

PM-KUSUM is a solar-pump scheme for farmers, the Green Credit Programme rewards environmental actions with tradable credits, and Gati Shakti is an infrastructure master plan, so none of them is the global mass movement announced at COP26.

Discuss in Forum

Which two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) did Kerala top in the SDG India Index 2023-24?

A.Goal 1 (No Poverty) and Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being)
B.Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 4 (Quality Education)
C.Goal 5 (Gender Equality) and Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy)
D.Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and Goal 10 (Reduced Inequalities)

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2025,

Answer: B

Kerala topped Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 4 (Quality Education).

In NITI Aayog's SDG India Index 2023-24, Kerala ranked first overall, with a composite score of 79, and it was the top state on two individual goals: Goal 2, Zero Hunger, with a score of 84, and Goal 4, Quality Education, with a score of 82.

Kerala scores well on health and on several other goals too, which makes Goal 3 a tempting choice, but it was not the top state on Goals 1 and 3, on Goals 5 and 7 or on Goals 8 and 10, so the other three pairs are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

"Eco-development" means ________ .

A.In situ conservation of biological diversity involving local communities
B.Ex situ conservation
C.Development of waste land
D.Development of forest land

Exam Year(s)

KPSC KAS - 2020,

Answer: A

Eco-development means in situ conservation of biological diversity involving local communities.

Eco-development is a strategy for protecting wildlife in its natural habitat, such as national parks and sanctuaries, by involving the people who live around them. It reduces their dependence on the protected area's resources by offering alternative sources of fuel, fodder and income, so that conservation and local welfare support each other. India's Ecodevelopment Project of the 1990s applied it in several tiger reserves.

Ex situ conservation protects species outside their habitat, in zoos, botanical gardens and seed banks. Developing wasteland or forest land are land-use activities, not the meaning of eco-development.

Discuss in Forum

According to SDG India Index 2018, SDG1, SDG2 and SDG9 represent respectively :

A.No poverty; Zero hunger; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
B.No poverty; Quality education; Life on land
C.Clean water and sanitation; Climate action; Sustainable cities and communities
D.Gender equality; Climate action; Zero hunger

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC State Service - 2024, MPPSC Forest Service - 2024,

Answer: A

SDG1, SDG2 and SDG9 are No poverty; Zero hunger; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

The Sustainable Development Goals are numbered: 1 No poverty, 2 Zero hunger, 3 Good health and well-being, 4 Quality education, 5 Gender equality, 6 Clean water and sanitation, 7 Affordable and clean energy, 8 Decent work and economic growth, 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure, and so on to 17.

Quality education is SDG4, life on land SDG15, clean water SDG6, climate action SDG13, sustainable cities SDG11 and gender equality SDG5, so the other sequences do not match 1, 2 and 9.

Discuss in Forum

According to NITI Aayog's SDG India Index 2020, how are the different categories of States' performance in Sustainable Development Goals defined on the basis of index score range ?

A.Aspirant : 100, Performer : 65 - 99, Front-runner : 50 - 64, Achiever : 0 - 49
B.Aspirant : 0 - 49, Performer : 50 - 64, Front-runner : 65 - 99, Achiever : 100
C.Aspirant : 50 - 64, Performer : 65 - 99, Front-runner : 0 - 49, Achiever : 100
D.Aspirant : 65 - 99, Performer : 50 - 64, Front-runner : 0 - 49, Achiever : 100

Exam Year(s)

MPPSC State Service - 2024, MPPSC Forest Service - 2024,

Answer: B

The categories are Aspirant : 0 - 49, Performer : 50 - 64, Front-runner : 65 - 99, Achiever : 100.

NITI Aayog's SDG India Index classifies states and Union territories by their composite score from 0 to 100. The categories rise with the score: an Aspirant is the lowest band, a Performer the next, a Front-runner the high band below 100, and an Achiever has reached the target score of 100.

The other options scramble this order, for example calling a score of 100 'Aspirant', which contradicts the meaning of the names.

Discuss in Forum

The 5 Ps of SDGs are -

A.Prosperity, Planet, Peace, People, Partnership
B.Power, Planet, Peace, People, Protection
C.Partnership, Population, Peace, Prosperity, People
D.Profit, Peace, Planet, Power, People

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, Rajasthan Nursing Tutor - 2025,

Answer: A

The 5 Ps are Prosperity, Planet, Peace, People, Partnership.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the United Nations in 2015, groups the 17 Sustainable Development Goals under five areas of critical importance: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership.

Each of the other options slips in a word that is not one of the five: Power and Protection, Population, or Profit and Power.

Discuss in Forum

The GRIHA rating was developed by :

A.ISO
B.TERI
C.MoEFCC
D.IGBC

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

GRIHA was developed by TERI, The Energy and Resources Institute.

GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) is India's national green building rating system. TERI developed it and it was adopted by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in 2007. It rates buildings on energy and water use, site planning, waste and indoor environment over their life cycle.

IGBC, the Indian Green Building Council of the Confederation of Indian Industry, runs a separate rating system, IGBC (and earlier LEED India). ISO sets international standards, and MoEFCC is the environment ministry; neither developed GRIHA.

Discuss in Forum

Green India Mission is a part of :

A.Millennium Development Goals
B.National Action Plan for Climate Change
C.River Action Plan
D.Swatch Bharat Abhiyan

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The Green India Mission is part of the National Action Plan for Climate Change.

The National Action Plan on Climate Change, released in 2008, set up eight national missions, among them the National Solar Mission, the Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, and the National Mission for a Green India. The Green India Mission aims to protect, restore and enhance India's forest cover as a response to climate change.

The Millennium Development Goals were the UN's global goals for 2000-2015, the River Action Plans concern cleaning rivers such as the Ganga, and the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (printed 'Swatch') is the sanitation campaign.

Discuss in Forum

10.

Why is it good to buy Eco-marked products, because ?

(i) These products have lower environmental impact.
(ii) Their production involves the use of non-renewable energy.
(iii) Buying such products makes a commitment to the future environment.
(iv) Products cannot be recycled.

A.(i), (iv)
B.(iii), (iv)
C.(i), (iii)
D.(ii), (iii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

Eco-marked products are good to buy because of (i) and (iii).

The Ecomark scheme, started by the Government of India in 1991, labels consumer products that meet standards for reduced environmental harm. Buying them means choosing goods with a lower environmental impact (i) and expresses a commitment to protecting the future environment (iii).

Statements (ii) and (iv) are the opposite of what the label stands for: eco-labelled products aim to reduce the use of non-renewable resources and favour recyclability. So every option including (ii) or (iv) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

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