Computer Internet Questions and Answers

Answer: D

Correct answer: HyperText Transfer Protocol

HTTP is the HyperText Transfer Protocol, the rules by which a web browser requests a page and a server returns it. It was devised by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN around 1989 along with HTML and URLs, the three components of the Web. It is stateless: each request is independent, and the server retains nothing between them. Sessions and logins are therefore built on top of it using cookies or tokens. Requests use methods, of which GET retrieves a resource and POST submits data, and responses carry a status code - 200 for success, 301 for a permanent redirect, 404 for not found, 500 for a server error. HTTPS is the same protocol carried inside a TLS-encrypted connection, so that the content cannot be read or altered in transit. It is now the default, and browsers mark plain HTTP as insecure.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Chatting

Chatting is real-time conversation by typed text. E-mail is not real-time, and a newsgroup is a posted discussion rather than a live exchange.

Answer: C

Correct answer: A multi-homed firewall

A multi-homed firewall has an interface on each network it joins, so it both separates the subnets and applies rules to everything passing between them and the outside. A router or VLAN separates without filtering, and a modem does neither.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Designing

E-mail, newsgroups and chat are all services carried over the internet. Designing is something done with software on a machine, whether or not it is connected.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Modulator demodulator

Modem is a contraction of modulator-demodulator, which names the two operations it performs: putting digital data onto an analogue carrier and taking it off again.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Unsolicited bulk messages sent indiscriminately

Spam is unsolicited bulk email, sent indiscriminately to very large numbers of recipients, usually advertising something or attempting fraud. It is economically viable because the marginal cost of sending a message is essentially zero, so a response rate of one in a million can still pay. That asymmetry - negligible cost to the sender, real cost to every recipient - is the whole of the problem, and it is a direct consequence of SMTP having been designed in an era of mutual trust, with no authentication of the sender. The countermeasures work at several levels: content filtering, often Bayesian, learning what a user treats as spam; blocklists of known senders; rate limiting; and sender verification through SPF, DKIM and DMARC, which let a domain declare which servers may send on its behalf and let receivers check the claim. The name comes from a Monty Python sketch in which the word drowns out all conversation.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Mesh

In a mesh every node has a direct bidirectional link to every other, which gives the greatest reliability at the greatest cost in cabling: n nodes need \( n(n-1)/2 \) links.

Answer: A

Correct answer: PAN

Of the four, only the PAN - personal area network - is a network at all, and it is the smallest of them, covering the space around one person. DSL is an access technology, and RAM and USB are not networks.

Answer: D

Correct answer: in

The top-level domain is the last label, here the country code .in. The .co before it is a second-level domain used for commercial organisations, and example is the name registered beneath it.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Writing a letter

An e-mail is a written message addressed to a particular person and delivered to them, which is what a letter is. The other three produce something to be looked at or heard rather than sent to an address.