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Development and Social Action Questions and Answers

11.

Assertion (A) : Scientific and technological inventions are posing newer challenges to the human rights discourse in contemporary times.

Reason (R) : Scientific and technological inventions introduce hitherto unknown dimensions to the life of the people.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct and the reason explains the assertion. New technology such as genetic engineering, surveillance and digital media opens dimensions of life that earlier human rights law did not foresee.

Because these inventions bring unknown dimensions to the life of the people, they pose newer challenges to the human rights discourse. So (R) is the correct explanation of (A), and options B, C and D are wrong.

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12.

Assertion (A) : Rape and sexual harassment of women reflect the need for educating people on protection and promotion of women's rights in India.

Reason (R) : Human Rights Education in India is more academic than sensitising people on the issues of protection and promotion of rights of vulnerable sections of society.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct and the reason explains the assertion. Rape and sexual harassment show that people need to be educated about protecting and promoting women's rights. The reason says that human rights education in India is more academic than aimed at sensitising people, and that gap explains why such offences continue and why education is needed, so R is the correct explanation of A.

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13.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - IList - II
a. Swami Sahajanandi. Rights of Women
b. Sir Syed Ahmad Khanii. Rights of Dalits
c. Sir Narayan Guruiii. Rights of Muslims
d. Pandita Ramabaiiv. Rights of Peasants

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Swami Sahajanand worked for the rights of peasants (iv), Sir Syed Ahmad Khan for Muslims (iii), Narayana Guru for Dalits (ii) and Pandita Ramabai for women (i), which is the code iv iii ii i. Sahajanand Saraswati led the Kisan Sabha movement, Sir Syed promoted modern education for Muslims, Narayana Guru preached equality among the depressed castes in Kerala, and Ramabai founded the Sharada Sadan for women. The other codes mismatch the leaders.

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14.

Which of the following is not a primary demand of Maoists in India ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Household rights for home-maker women are not a primary demand of the Maoists in India. Their stated demands centre on land for landless peasants, forest rights for forest dwellers (tribals) and decent wages for farm workers, which are the agrarian and tribal grievances they organise around. This is option D.

Options A, B and C are the demands the movement raises most, so they cannot be the answer to a question asking for the one that is not.

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15.

The Earth Summit was held in

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The Earth Summit, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development of June 1992, was held at Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, option C. It adopted the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21 and opened the climate and biodiversity conventions for signature.

Germany hosted no Earth Summit, Copenhagen hosted the 2009 climate conference and Beijing hosted the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women.

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16.

The spread of which of the movements is described with the euphemism 'Tirupati to Pashupati' ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The phrase 'Tirupati to Pashupati' describes the spread of the Maoist movement, a 'red corridor' from Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh to Pashupati (Nepal). The answer is option A.

The Hindu revivalist, Telangana and women's rights movements were not described by this phrase.

The 'red corridor' of Maoist influence stretched in those years through Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand and Bihar towards the Nepal border, where the Maoists of Nepal were also active, which is the spread the slogan describes. The Telangana movement was a regional demand for a separate state and the revivalist and women's movements spread by different means.

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17.

Who of the following was the leader of Naxalbari Movement in west Bengal ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The Naxalbari movement of 1967 in West Bengal was led by Charu Mazumdar, with Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal, option B. It gave the Naxalite movement its name.

Jyoti Basu and Buddhadeb Bhattacharya were Chief Ministers of West Bengal from the CPI(M), and Amiya Kumar Bagchi is an economist, so none of them led the movement.

The movement started when a tribal tenant farmer was attacked by landlords at Naxalbari in the Darjeeling district, and it was inspired by Maoist ideas of peasant revolt.

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18.

Ecological movement in India is not championed by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Nikhil Dey is not an ecological movement leader; he is an activist of the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan, associated with the right to information and rural employment campaigns. The answer is option C.

Sundarlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhatt led the Chipko movement, and Vandana Shiva is a well-known ecologist.

Dey is known with Aruna Roy for the campaign that led to the Right to Information Act, so he fits the question as the one not linked to ecology.

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19.

Arrange in chronological order the following environmental movements :

i. Chipko Movement
ii. Silent Valley Movement
iii. Narmada Bachao Andolan
iv. Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The movements run: Chipko (1973), Silent Valley (late 1970s to 1980s), Narmada Bachao Andolan (1985 onwards) and Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan (2007), so i, ii, iii, iv, option D.

Options A, B and C start with the Yamuna campaign or the Narmada movement, both later than Chipko, so they are not in order.

Chipko began in the Garhwal Himalaya in 1973 when villagers hugged trees to stop felling. Silent Valley in Kerala opposed a hydroelectric project in the rainforest, and the Narmada Bachao Andolan opposed the dams on the Narmada. Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan is the most recent of the four, aimed at cleaning the river.

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20.

Which of the following is not a new social movement ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Peasant movements are not new social movements. They are old movements based on class and on economic demands over land and rent, found in India and elsewhere for a very long time, while the new social movements arose after the 1960s around identity, environment and rights.

Environmental, feminist and disability rights movements are given as typical new social movements, since they concern quality of life and identity and not class struggle alone.

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