Evolution of Human Rights Standards Questions and Answers

81.

Which of the following causes challenge at international level in formation of the concept of human rights ?

A.Problem of Dowry
B.Cultural Exceptionalism
C.Attitude of Mother-in-law towards daughter-in-law
D.Domestic violence

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Cultural exceptionalism, the claim that cultural particularities justify exceptions to universal standards, is a challenge at the international level to forming the concept of human rights. It lies behind the debate between universalism and cultural relativism.

Dowry, the attitude of a mother-in-law to a daughter-in-law and domestic violence are social practices and problems within societies. They are matters of national and local concern, not challenges to forming a global concept of rights.

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82.

Which incident inspired Henry Dunant to work for victims of armed conflict ?

A.Battle of Magenta
B.Battle of Varese
C.Battle of Montebello
D.Battle of Solferino

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Henry Dunant was inspired by the Battle of Solferino in 1859, where he saw thousands of wounded soldiers left without care. His book 'A Memory of Solferino' led to the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863 and the First Geneva Convention.

Magenta, Varese and Montebello were also battles of the same Franco-Austrian campaign, but they are not the one that moved him to work for the victims of war.

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83.

The Magna Carta was signed in June 1215 between Barons of Medieval England and

A.King John
B.Edward VII
C.William Henry
D.George Louis

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The Magna Carta was sealed in June 1215 at Runnymede between the barons of medieval England and King John. It limited the king's power and is seen as an early statement that the ruler is subject to law.

Edward VII, William Henry and George Louis are not the monarch of that date; Edward VII ruled in the twentieth century, so the other names do not fit. The charter is therefore linked with King John and not with later kings of England.

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84.

Both the ICCPR and ICESCR begin with identical provisions on the

A.Right to Life
B.Right to Liberty and Security
C.Right to Self-determination
D.Right to Fair Trial

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Both the ICCPR and the ICESCR begin with the same Article 1, the right to self-determination: all peoples may freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social and cultural development.

The right to life, the right to liberty and security and the right to a fair trial appear only in the ICCPR and later in the text, so only self-determination is common to the opening of both covenants. Common Article 1 is the only provision which both the covenants state in the same words.

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85.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I	List - II
a. Magna Carta	i. 1215
b. English Bill of Rights	ii. 1689
c. Geneva Conventions	iii. 1949
d. Refugee Convention	iv. 1951

Codes : a b c d

A.i ii iv iii
B.ii iii iv i
C.i ii iii iv
D.iv i ii iii

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The Magna Carta dates from 1215, the English Bill of Rights from 1689, the Geneva Conventions from 1949 and the Refugee Convention from 1951. So the pairing is a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv.

Option A swaps the last two, giving the Geneva Conventions 1951 and the Refugee Convention 1949. Option B starts with the Magna Carta in 1689, and option D starts with it in 1951, both of which are wrong. The two oldest documents are the 1215 charter and the 1689 Bill, and the two modern ones are from 1949 and 1951.

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86.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I	List - II
a. Tehran Conference	i. 1995
b. Vienna Conference	ii. 1993
c. Beijing Conference	iii. 1968
d. Johannesburg Conference	iv. 2004

Codes : a b c d

A.i ii iii iv
B.iv iii ii i
C.iii iv ii i
D.iii ii i iv

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The Tehran Conference was held in 1968, the Vienna Conference in 1993, the Beijing Conference in 1995 and the Johannesburg Conference is given as 2004 in the list. So the pairing is a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv.

Option A takes Tehran as 1995, option B takes it as 2004 and option C swaps Vienna and Beijing's years. Only option D matches all four dates. A convenient check is that Tehran (1968) is the oldest and Johannesburg the latest of the four.

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87.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I (Instruments)	List - II (Year)
a. U.D.H.R.	i. 1966
b. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	ii. 1948
c. Convention on the Rights of Child	iii. 1968
d. World Conference on Human Rights, Tehran	iv. 1989

Codes : a b c d

A.iv iii ii i
B.i iv ii iii
C.ii i iv iii
D.iii ii iv i

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966, the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 and the Tehran World Conference of 1968. So the pairing is a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii.

Option A takes the UDHR as 1989, option B takes it as 1966 and option D takes it as 1968, all of which are wrong. A quick check is that the earliest year, 1948, belongs to the UDHR, which is the foundation text of the series.

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88.

Arrange the following Human Rights Conventions in the order of their adoption :

(i) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ii) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
(iii) Convention on the Rights of Child.
(iv) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Codes :

A.(iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
B.(ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
C.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
D.(iii), (iv), (ii), (i)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The ICCPR was adopted in 1966, CEDAW in 1979, the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. So the order is (i), (ii), (iii), (iv).

Options A and D place the disability convention or the child convention first, and option B places CEDAW before the ICCPR, so all contradict the dates. A useful memory aid is that the sequence runs 1966, 1979, 1989 and 2006, so the later conventions follow the earlier ones.

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89.

Arrange the following rights enshrined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in order of sequence :

(i) Right to Fair Trial
(ii) Right to Life
(iii) Right to Privacy
(iv) Right to Equality
Codes :

A.(iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
B.(ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
C.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
D.(iii), (iv), (ii), (i)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

In the ICCPR the right to life is in Article 6, the right to a fair trial in Article 14, the right to privacy in Article 17 and the right to equality before the law in Article 26. So the order of sequence is (ii), (i), (iii), (iv).

Option A is the reverse of the order, option C starts with the fair trial before the right to life, and option D starts with privacy. They do not match the article numbers. These article numbers can be checked against the text of the covenant, where the civil rights are set out in order.

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90.

Arrange the following European Human Rights instruments chronologically and answer from codes given below :

(i) European Convention on Human Rights
(ii) European Social Charter
(iii) European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
(iv) Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Codes :

A.(iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
B.(ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
C.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
D.(iii), (iv), (ii), (i)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The European Convention on Human Rights was adopted in 1950, the European Social Charter in 1961, the Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 1992 and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 1995. So the order is (i), (ii), (iii), (iv).

Options A and D reverse or scramble the order, and option B places the Social Charter before the Convention, which is wrong as the Convention is older.

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