Oceanography Questions and Answers

Q: Which one of the following types of sea floor sediments includes calcareous and siliceous oozes ?

Calcareous and siliceous oozes are biogenous sediments.They are made of the shells and skeletons of tiny organisms such as foraminifera, pteropods, diatoms and radiolaria, which settle on the sea floor after death.Fluvial sediments (option A) are laid down by rivers, terrigenous sediments (option B) come from land and are carried by rivers, wind and ice, and hydrogenous sediments (option D) form by chemical precipitation, such as manganese nodules.

131.

Flat-topped sub-marine mountains are called

A.Sea mounts
B.Abyssal mounts
C.Guyots
D.Sea Volcanoes

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Flat-topped submarine mountains are called guyots. They are old volcanic seamounts whose peaks were planed by waves near the sea surface and later sank below it, and they are found in large numbers in the Pacific Ocean.

Seamounts are submarine mountains that have pointed tops, so they are different from guyots. Abyssal mounts is not a standard name, and sea volcanoes would describe active ones. Only guyots fits flat tops.

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132.

Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer using the codes given :

List - I (Ocean Currents)	List - II (Coasts)
(a) Oyasiwo	1. Western coast of Latin America
(b) Peru	2. Kamchatka Peninsula
(c) Alaska	3. British Columbia
(d) Kurosiwo	4. Japan

Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)

A.3 1 2 4
B.1 2 3 4
C.4 1 3 2
D.2 1 3 4

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The correct matching is a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4, option D. The Oyashio (Oyasiwo) current flows along the Kamchatka peninsula, the Peru current along the western coast of Latin America, the Alaska current along British Columbia, and the Kuroshio (Kurosiwo) along Japan. Options A, B and C give the Oyashio or the Alaska current to the wrong coast. Each row is checked against the four codes in turn, since a single wrongly paired item rules a code out and only one code is right for all four rows.

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133.

A reef separated from the main land or inland shore by a deep lagoon is known as

A.Fringing Reef
B.Atoll Reef
C.Barrier Reef
D.Patch Reef

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

A reef separated from the mainland or the inland shore by a deep lagoon is a barrier reef, option C. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia is the best known example. A fringing reef grows close to the shore, without a deep lagoon, an atoll is a ring shaped reef round a lagoon without a central island, and a patch reef is a small isolated reef, so options A, B and D are wrong. The other options name places, people or terms that the subject does not connect with this question, so only the keyed option stands.

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134.

Global change in sea level is caused by

A.Eustatic change
B.Isostatic change
C.Climatic change
D.Diastrophism

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The global change in sea level is caused by eustatic change, option A. It is a change in the volume of water in the oceans, as when ice sheets melt or grow, or in the capacity of the ocean basins, and it is felt all over the world. An isostatic change is a local rise or fall of the land itself, diastrophism is crustal movement, and climatic change is a wider cause, so options B, C and D are not the term for the global change itself. The other options name places, people or terms that the subject does not connect with this question, so only the keyed option stands.

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135.

The following question has two sets of statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as (R). Choose your answer from the codes given :

Assertion (A) : Western coast of Europe (UK) and Labrador of (North America) are in the same latitude but Western Coast of Europe (UK) remains unfrozen and Labrador remains frozen for nine months.
Reason (R) : Gulf stream (UK) is a warm current and Labrador is a cold current.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Both statements are true and the reason is the correct explanation, option B. The western coast of Europe in the United Kingdom and Labrador in North America lie in nearly the same latitude, yet the British coast stays free of ice while Labrador is frozen for nine months. The reason is that the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic drift, is a warm current that warms the British coast, and the Labrador current is a cold one. Option A denies this link, and options C and D call a statement false.

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136.

The vertical movement of cold water from deeper oceanic layers to replace warmer surface water is called as

A.Turbidity
B.Emergence
C.Upwelling
D.Halocline

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The vertical movement of cold water from deeper ocean layers to replace the warm surface water is called upwelling.

Upwelling occurs where winds blow surface water away from the coast, as off Peru and Namibia, and the cold water that rises brings nutrients, which makes these regions rich fishing grounds.

Turbidity (option A) is the cloudiness of water, emergence (option B) is not a term for this movement, and a halocline (option D) is a layer in which salinity changes quickly with depth.

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137.

Which one of the following types of sea floor sediments includes calcareous and siliceous oozes ?

A.Fluvial
B.Terrigenous
C.Biogenous
D.Hydrogenous

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

Calcareous and siliceous oozes are biogenous sediments.

They are made of the shells and skeletons of tiny organisms such as foraminifera, pteropods, diatoms and radiolaria, which settle on the sea floor after death.

Fluvial sediments (option A) are laid down by rivers, terrigenous sediments (option B) come from land and are carried by rivers, wind and ice, and hydrogenous sediments (option D) form by chemical precipitation, such as manganese nodules.

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