Oceanography Questions and Answers

Q: The cold current flowing along the coast of Chile and Peru is known as

The cold current along the coast of Chile and Peru is the Humboldt current (also called the Peru current).It carries cold water north from the southern ocean along the west coast of South America and supports a rich fishery. The Agulhas is a warm current off south-east Africa, the Canary is a cold current off north-west Africa, and El Nino is a warm episode off Peru that disturbs the Humboldt current, not the cold current itself.

Q: Flat topped sea mounts are known as

Flat-topped sea mounts are known as guyots.A guyot is an undersea mountain, usually volcanic, whose summit was planed flat by wave action when it stood at sea level and then sank below the surface. Shoals and banks are shallow elevations of the sea bed, often sandy, that may be a hazard to navigation, and reefs are ridges of rock or coral near the surface. None of these is a drowned flat-topped volcano.

111.

Organic deposits made by living or dead organisms that form rock elevation like a ridge are known as

A.Corals
B.Conyons
C.Reefs
D.Guyots

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Organic deposits made by living or dead organisms that form a rock elevation like a ridge are known as reefs. Coral polyps build up calcareous skeletons that form ridges, close to the ocean surface.

Corals are the organisms themselves, not the ridge. 'Conyons' is not a landform of this kind, and guyots are flat-topped submerged volcanic seamounts, not organic ridges.

Reefs are built over a long time by coral polyps and algae, which deposit calcium carbonate. Fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls are the main types, and they grow in warm clear shallow water of the tropics, usually where the temperature stays above about 20 degrees Celsius.

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112.

The cold current flowing along the coast of Chile and Peru is known as

A.Agulhas
B.EL-Nino
C.Humbolt
D.Canary

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The cold current along the coast of Chile and Peru is the Humboldt current (also called the Peru current).

It carries cold water north from the southern ocean along the west coast of South America and supports a rich fishery. The Agulhas is a warm current off south-east Africa, the Canary is a cold current off north-west Africa, and El Nino is a warm episode off Peru that disturbs the Humboldt current, not the cold current itself.

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113.

The average difference in the water level between high tide and low tide at a place is referred to as :

A.Tidal bore
B.Tidal period
C.Tidal range
D.Tidal wave

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The average difference in water level between high tide and low tide at a place is the tidal range.

The range is the vertical difference between consecutive high and low water and is largest at spring tides. A tidal bore is a wave moving up a river or estuary on the incoming tide, the tidal period is the time between successive tides, and a tidal wave is a loose name for a very large wave such as a tsunami or a tidal bore, so options A, B and D are wrong. The range depends on the shape of the coast and the phase of the moon: it is large in funnel-shaped inlets such as the Bay of Fundy and small in open oceans.

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114.

Flat topped sea mounts are known as

A.Shoals
B.Reefs
C.Guyots
D.Banks

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Flat-topped sea mounts are known as guyots.

A guyot is an undersea mountain, usually volcanic, whose summit was planed flat by wave action when it stood at sea level and then sank below the surface. Shoals and banks are shallow elevations of the sea bed, often sandy, that may be a hazard to navigation, and reefs are ridges of rock or coral near the surface. None of these is a drowned flat-topped volcano.

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115.

Which one of the following statements about salinity is not correct ?

A.Salinity is directly related to precipitation
B.There exists a direct relationship between the rate of evaporation and salinity
C.Low salinity is found near the mouth of a river
D.The salinity is highest at the tropics and decreases towards poles and equator

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The statement that is not correct is that salinity is directly related to precipitation: heavy rainfall dilutes the sea surface, so salinity is inversely related to precipitation. The other statements are correct, since higher evaporation raises salinity, rivers bring fresh water and lower the salinity near their mouths, and salinity is highest in the tropics and lower near the equator and towards the poles. The answer is A.

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116.

The origin of the ocean currents is related to

A.Gravitational force
B.Winds
C.Salinity and density
D.All of the above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The origin of ocean currents is related to all of these: gravitational force of the sun and moon, which causes tides and modifies currents, winds, which drive the surface currents, and differences in salinity and density, which set up currents between waters of different density. Since each factor contributes, the answer is 'All of the above', option D. Winds are the main driver of surface currents, density differences cause vertical movement and the pull of the sun and moon adds to tidal currents, so all three act, as the key states.

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