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Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity Questions and Answers

141.

Which one of the following is a product in Guilford's model ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

In Guilford's structure of intellect model there are three dimensions: operations (cognition, memory, divergent and convergent production, evaluation), contents (figural, symbolic, semantic, behavioural) and products (units, classes, relations, systems, transformations, implications). Transformation is therefore a product, whereas evaluation and cognition are operations and symbols are a content. Guilford's model is a three-dimensional cube of 120 (later 180) factors, one for each combination of an operation, a content and a product.

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142.

What among the following is true for mental set ?

1. It can enhance the quality and speed of perceiving and problem solving under some conditions.
2. It can enhance the quality and speed of perceiving and problem solving in new situations.
3. It may inhibit or distort the quality of mental activities in new situations.
4. It may inhibit or distort the quality of mental activities under same conditions.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

A mental set can speed up and improve perceiving and problem solving under some conditions, when the situation is like the one the set was formed for (statement 1), and it may inhibit or distort mental activity in new situations, where the old approach does not fit (statement 3). Statement 2 is the reverse of this and statement 4 wrongly says it is a hindrance under the same conditions. So 1 and 3 only is correct.

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143.

Match the following :

List - IList - II
1. Thinkingp. Mental activity through which we transform available information in order to reach conclusions
2. Reasoningq. An activity that involves the manipulation of mental representation of various features of the external world.
3. Decision makingr. Processing information in various ways in order to move toward desired goals.
4. Problem solvings. The process of choosing between two or more alternatives on the basis of information about them.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Reasoning is the mental activity through which available information is transformed in order to reach conclusions (p-2); thinking is the manipulation of mental representations of various features of the external world (q-1); problem solving is processing information in various ways in order to move toward desired goals (r-4); and decision making is the choice between two or more alternatives on the basis of information about them (s-3). The code is 2 1 4 3. The other codes pair thinking with the first description or problem solving with the choosing of alternatives, which is not accurate.

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144.

Awareness of one's own thought processes enabling effective learning through correction is called :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Awareness of one's own thought processes that enables effective learning through correction is called metacognition.

Metacognition is thinking about thinking: planning, monitoring and correcting one's own learning. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution, analogies are comparisons between situations, and a constructive process is the building up of a memory or perception from elements, so none of these names the self-monitoring that is described.

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145.

What does reduce the problem distance between starting point and the goal ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

What reduces the distance between the starting point and the goal is means-end analysis.

In means-end analysis the problem solver compares the present state with the goal and picks the operators that reduce the difference between them, setting sub-goals when necessary. Normative-utilitarian and normative-logical are not problem-solving strategies, and heuristic short cuts are rules of thumb that make judgement quicker but are not the specific method of reducing the distance to the goal.

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146.

Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :

List - I (Type of Bias)List - II (Decision)
p. Anchoring1. Making estimates from an initial value
q. Hind sight2. Adjusting past events by current knowledge
r. Framing3. Phrasing of situation guides biased decision
s. Representativeness4. Most stereo typical exemplars are selected

Codes : p q r s

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The correct matching is p-1, q-2, r-3, s-4, which is option D.

Anchoring is making estimates from an initial value (1). Hindsight bias is adjusting the view of past events in the light of current knowledge (2). Framing is the way the phrasing of a situation guides a biased decision (3), and the representativeness heuristic selects the most stereotypical exemplars (4). Options A, B and C swap two or more of these descriptions.

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147.

At what level do we understand the complete meaning and sense of a language structure ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key marks prosodic contour as the level at which the complete meaning and sense of a language structure is understood.

Prosody, the rhythm, stress and intonation across a stretch of speech, carries meaning and attitude beyond the words, so the whole sense of an utterance is taken from it. Phonemes are the basic sounds, morphemes are the smallest units of meaning, and syntax is the arrangement of words into sentences. The key treats the contour as the highest level of the four listed.

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148.

Threshold hypothesis indicates :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The threshold hypothesis indicates a positive correlation between intelligence and creativity up to a particular level of intelligence.

Below an IQ of about 120 the two go together, since a minimum level of ability is needed for creative work. Above that threshold the relation weakens or disappears, and creativity depends on other traits. The options speaking of a negative correlation reverse the relation, and a curvilinear relation after the threshold is not what the hypothesis says.

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149.

Using Sternberg's theory as the reference, match List-I with List-II.

List - I (Components)List - II (Type)
p. Experiential1. Analytic
q. Contextual2. Creative
r. Componential3. Practical
4. Successful

Codes : p q r

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The correct matching in Sternberg's triarchic theory is experiential with creative, contextual with practical and componential with analytic, which is option B (2 3 1).

The experiential subtheory deals with the use of insight and novelty, the creative aspect (2). The contextual subtheory is concerned with adapting to the environment, the practical aspect (3). The componential subtheory is the analytic, mental mechanisms aspect (1). 'Successful' (4) is a kind of intelligence in the theory, not a match for any of these components, so options A and C, which use it, are wrong.

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150.

Which of the following is not a component of Emotional Intelligence as described by Mayer and Salovey.

1. The ability to use emotions to facilitate thinking.
2. The ability to perceive, appraise and express emotions accurately.
3. The ability to perceive, appraise and express emotions appropriately.
4. The ability to adapt to new and different contexts, select appropriate contexts and effectively shape one's environment to suit one's needs.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The statement that is not a component of Emotional Intelligence as described by Mayer and Salovey is statement 4, so the answer is 4 only.

Their model has components such as the ability to perceive, appraise and express emotion accurately (2), and appropriately (3), and to use emotions to facilitate thinking (1). Statement 4, the ability to adapt to new and different contexts, select appropriate contexts and shape one's environment, is the wording used for practical intelligence in Sternberg's theory, so it is the one that does not belong. Options B, C and D wrongly reject statement 1 or 3 as well.

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