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World History Questions and Answers

51.

Who was called 'Morning Star' of Reformation ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

John Wycliffe is called the Morning Star of the Reformation because in fourteenth-century England he attacked the wealth and authority of the Church, translated the Bible into English and set out ideas that later reformers took up, well before Martin Luther's protest of 1517. Luther, Calvin and Zwingli were leaders of the Reformation itself on the continent, so they are not the forerunner the phrase describes. The answer is John Wycliffe, option D.

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52.

'Pure Blood Aryan theory' is related to

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The pure blood Aryan theory, which held that the Aryan or Nordic race was superior and had to be kept free of mixing with Jews and others, is related to Nazism, the doctrine of Hitler's party in Germany. Italian Fascism stressed the state and nation rather than that kind of race theory. Nihilism is the doctrine of rejecting established values, with a Russian political form, and syndicalism is a labour doctrine of control by trade unions. The answer is Nazism, option D.

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53.

What position Nelson Mandela occupied in the African National Congress at the time of his release from jail after 26 years in 1990 ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

When Nelson Mandela was released in February 1990, after about 27 years of imprisonment, he was the Deputy President (Vice-President) of the African National Congress, while Oliver Tambo was its President. He became President of the ANC in 1991 and President of South Africa in 1994. He was not the President at the time of release, and the other posts named, Secretary and Advisor, do not describe his position. The answer is Vice-President, option B.

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54.

What was Marshal Plan ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The Marshall Plan, announced in 1947 by the American Secretary of State George Marshall, was an economic aid package of the United States for the reconstruction of Europe after the war, intended in part to stop the spread of Communism. It was not a military control of Europe or a plan to spread American dictatorship. The idea that the American continent is meant for Americans only is the Monroe Doctrine of 1823. The answer is the economic package of the USA to control Communism, option C.

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55.

Who among the following is the author of The Cold War and its Origin ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

D.F. Fleming is the author of The Cold War and its Origins.

The two-volume work The Cold War and Its Origins, 1917-1960 was written by the American historian D.F. Fleming (printed as Flaming in the booklet).

Daniel Singer, Organski and Ionescu wrote on other subjects.

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56.

Consider the following observations relating to Renaissance and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

(i) Renaissance was marked with a new kind of learning signified by a spirit of inquiry into every aspect of human thought.
(ii) More emphasis was given to man and humanism than to god and spiritualism.
(iii) The study of the works produced by ancient Greek and Roman scholars was not given importance.
(iv) The humanist movement which ushered in Renaissance could not emancipate the western thought from the bondage of medieval Christianity.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Statements (i) and (ii) are correct. The Renaissance was marked by a new spirit of inquiry in every field of thought, and it gave more importance to man and humanism than to god and spiritualism.

Statement (iii) is false, because the study of ancient Greek and Roman works was the very centre of the Renaissance. Statement (iv) is not accepted by the key since the humanist movement did free western thought from the hold of medieval Christianity. The codes with (iii) or (iv) are therefore wrong.

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57.

Match the List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - IList - II
a. Montesquieu1. Divine Comedy
b. Dante2. The Spirit of Laws
c. Rousseau3. The Social Contract
d. Machiavelli4. The Prince

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The correct pairing is a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4. Montesquieu wrote The Spirit of Laws, Dante wrote the Divine Comedy, Rousseau wrote The Social Contract, and Machiavelli wrote The Prince.

The other code strings give the books to the wrong authors, for example The Prince to Rousseau or the Divine Comedy to Machiavelli, so they fail on at least one pair. These are among the most famous works of European thought and literature, and each is tied to its author in textbook accounts of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment.

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58.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - IList - II
a. Jacob Burckhardt1. The Society of Jesus
b. Ignatius of Loyola2. Critique of Pure Reason
c. John Calvin3. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
d. Immanuel Kant4. Institutes of the Christian Religion

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The correct pairing is a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2. Jacob Burckhardt wrote The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus, John Calvin wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion, and Immanuel Kant wrote the Critique of Pure Reason.

The other code strings link the authors to the wrong works, for example the Critique of Pure Reason to Loyola, so they are wrong on at least one pair.

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59.

In the context of Cold War, which one of the following statements is not correct ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The incorrect statement is that the USA planned to use Cuba as a base for nuclear weapons.

It was the Soviet Union that placed missiles in Cuba, which led to the missile crisis of 1962. The other three statements are correct: both powers armed other countries, the Berlin Wall was built to stop movement from East to West Berlin, and NATO and the Warsaw Pact grew out of the Cold War.

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60.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : After the Civil War in U.S.A. blacks faced difficulty regarding voting right.
Reason (R) : Some Southern States of U.S.A. made it mandatory to have either the name of grandfather or father in the electoral list of 1860.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion, option (A). After the Civil War, several Southern states put in place barriers to black voting such as literacy tests and the grandfather clause, which let a man vote only if his father or grandfather had been entitled to vote at an early date, which excluded the freed slaves whose forebears had not been voters. The question gives the date of the list as 1860. Because the clause is the method by which black voters were kept out, R explains A, and (B), (C) and (D) are wrong.

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