Match the following and choose the appropriate option.AB(a) Grihapatis(i) Landless Labourers(b) Shrenis(ii) Independent farmers(c) Adimai(iii) Coastal Settlement(d) Arikamedu(iv) Craft persons

The correct matching is (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii).Grihapatis were the independent farmers of northern villages, most of them smaller landowners (ii).Shrenis were associations of craft persons and merchants (iv).In the Tamil region, the adimai, like the kadaisiyar, were landless labourers, including slaves (i).Arikamedu, near present-day Puducherry, was a coastal settlement where ships unloaded goods from distant lands (iii).The other three options each pair at least one term wrongly, for example making shrenis landless labourers or Arikamedu a group of craft persons.

Early Medieval Regional Kingdoms Questions and Answers

Q: Consider the following statements regarding the Vikramshila University in Bihar :1. It was located in the present-day Banka district of Bihar.2. It was established by King Gopala I of the Pala dynasty.3. The 'Vajrayana' sect of Buddhism flourished here.4. Other subjects like Astronomy, Logic, Law, Grammar and Philosophy were also taught here.Which of the above statements are incorrect ?

The incorrect statements are 1 and 2.Vikramshila University was at Antichak in present-day Bhagalpur district, not Banka (1), and it was founded by the Pala king Dharmapala in the late eighth century, not by Gopala I, the founder of the dynasty (2).Statements 3 and 4 are correct: Vikramshila was a major centre of Vajrayana (Tantric) Buddhism, linked with scholars such as Atisha Dipankara, and it taught subjects such as logic, grammar, philosophy and astronomy alongside Buddhist studies.

Q: The Maithili language was started to develop during the reign of which of the following?

The answer is the Karnat dynasty.The Karnat dynasty ruled Mithila from the late eleventh to the fourteenth century from Simraongarh. Under its patronage Maithili began to develop as a literary language; Jyotirishwar Thakur's Varna Ratnakara, written in the court of the Karnat king Harisimhadeva, is among the earliest prose works in Maithili.The Oiniwar dynasty came later and patronised Vidyapati, when Maithili was already flourishing. The Chero dynasty ruled Palamu and the Pithipatis were Buddhist rulers of Bodh Gaya; neither is linked with the beginnings of Maithili.

Q: Which of the following Kingdoms was established by Kadamba Mayurasharman ?

Mayurasharman's kingdom was in present-day Karnataka.Mayurasharman founded the Kadamba dynasty in the fourth century CE, with its capital at Banavasi in what is now the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. The Kadambas were one of the earliest ruling houses of the Kannada country, and the Talagunda pillar inscription in Karnataka tells the story of how he rose to power.Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat lie far to the north of Banavasi and were never the seat of the Kadamba kingdom, so those three options are wrong.

Q: According to the Uttaramerur inscription, who could become a member of a Sabha ?(A) The owners of land from which land revenue is collected.(B) They should be between 25 and 70 years of age.(C) They should have their own houses.(D) They should have knowledge of the Vedas.

Statements A, C and D are correct, so the answer is Only (A), (C) and (D).The Chola-period inscription from Uttaramerur, in Chingleput district of Tamil Nadu, sets out who could be a member of the village sabha. Members had to own land from which land revenue was collected (A), had to have their own homes (C), and had to have knowledge of the Vedas (D). They also had to be well-versed in administration and honest.Statement B is wrong because the inscription gives the age limits as 35 to 70 years, not 25 to 70. Options that include B, or that leave out C or D, do not match the inscription.

Q: Who built the Golconda Fort?

The Golconda Fort was built by the Kakatiya dynasty.The fort near Hyderabad was first built as a mud fort by the Kakatiyas of Warangal around the 13th century. It was later rebuilt and greatly expanded in granite by the Qutb Shahi sultans, who made Golconda their capital and a famous diamond market.The Cholas ruled in the Tamil country, the Chalukyas in the Deccan from Badami and Kalyani, and the Pallavas from Kanchipuram; none of them built Golconda.

Q: The mural painting from Ellora Caves which shows Vishnu as Narasimha, the man-lion, is a work of which period?

The painting belongs to the Rashtrakuta period.The Kailasanatha temple at Ellora, cut from a single rock, was built under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I in the eighth century, and the paintings and sculptures there, including the depiction of Vishnu as Narasimha, are attributed to the Rashtrakuta period.The Gupta period is earlier and is associated with Ajanta; the Chalukyas of Badami preceded the Rashtrakutas in the Deccan; and the Gurjara-Pratiharas ruled in the north.

Q: The Ahoms migrated to the Brahmaputra Valley in the thirteenth century from the present-day ___________ .

The Ahoms came from present-day Myanmar.The Ahoms were a Tai people who migrated into the Brahmaputra valley from what is now Myanmar in the thirteenth century. They created a new state by suppressing the older political system of the bhuiyans (landlords), and ruled Assam for about six centuries, with a strong army and a system of forced labour (paiks).Their origin lies to the east of Assam, which rules out Nepal and Bhutan in the Himalaya to the north-west and Bangladesh to the south-west.

Q: From the following, how many pairs are correctly matched as mentioned in the Pallava inscriptions ?I. Sabha - Assembly of Brahmin landownersII. Ur - Organisation of MerchantsIII. Nagaram - Village assemblyChoose the correct option :

Only one pair is correctly matched, so the answer is Only one.Pallava inscriptions mention several local assemblies. The sabha was an assembly of brahmin landowners, so pair I is correct.Pairs II and III have their descriptions swapped. The ur was the village assembly found in areas where the landowners were not brahmanas, and the nagaram was an organisation of merchants. With two of the three pairs wrong, 'All three', 'Only two' and 'None of these' are all ruled out.

Q: Assertion : The relationship between the State and religion may be a bone of contention in today's Indian polity, but history presents workable solutions.Choose the appropriate reason/reasons for the above assertion.A. Temples were often central to the economy and society.B. The town of Ramdaspur had developed around the central Gurudwara called Harmandar Sahib.C. Sufis were Muslim mystics who rejected outward religiosity and emphasized compassion for all fellow human beings.D. History is about the battles between different States and religions.

The appropriate reasons are A, B and C, so the answer is Only A, B and C.Each of A, B and C is a historical example of religion and political or social life working together. Temples were often at the centre of the economy and society of their region (A). The town of Ramdaspur (Amritsar) grew up around the Harmandar Sahib, and the early Sikh community there was largely self-governing (B). The Sufis rejected outward religiosity and preached compassion for all human beings, whatever their faith (C). Such examples are what the assertion means by history presenting workable solutions.Statement D is a narrow and mistaken view: history is not only about battles between states and religions, and that view would support conflict rather than solutions. So the options containing D, or leaving out A, B or C, are wrong.

Consider the following statements regarding the Vikramshila University in Bihar :

1. It was located in the present-day Banka district of Bihar.
2. It was established by King Gopala I of the Pala dynasty.
3. The 'Vajrayana' sect of Buddhism flourished here.
4. Other subjects like Astronomy, Logic, Law, Grammar and Philosophy were also taught here.

Which of the above statements are incorrect ?

A.2 and 3
B.1 and 4
C.1 and 2
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

BPSC Exam - 2023, BPSC CDPO - 2023,

Answer: C

The incorrect statements are 1 and 2.

Vikramshila University was at Antichak in present-day Bhagalpur district, not Banka (1), and it was founded by the Pala king Dharmapala in the late eighth century, not by Gopala I, the founder of the dynasty (2).

Statements 3 and 4 are correct: Vikramshila was a major centre of Vajrayana (Tantric) Buddhism, linked with scholars such as Atisha Dipankara, and it taught subjects such as logic, grammar, philosophy and astronomy alongside Buddhist studies.

Discuss in Forum

The Maithili language was started to develop during the reign of which of the following?

A.Chero dynasty
B.Oiniwar dynasty
C.Karnat dynasty
D.Pithipatis

Exam Year(s)

BPSC Exam - 2023, BPSC CDPO - 2023,

Answer: C

The answer is the Karnat dynasty.

The Karnat dynasty ruled Mithila from the late eleventh to the fourteenth century from Simraongarh. Under its patronage Maithili began to develop as a literary language; Jyotirishwar Thakur's Varna Ratnakara, written in the court of the Karnat king Harisimhadeva, is among the earliest prose works in Maithili.

The Oiniwar dynasty came later and patronised Vidyapati, when Maithili was already flourishing. The Chero dynasty ruled Palamu and the Pithipatis were Buddhist rulers of Bodh Gaya; neither is linked with the beginnings of Maithili.

Discuss in Forum

Which of the following Kingdoms was established by Kadamba Mayurasharman ?

A.Madhya Pradesh
B.Karnataka
C.Rajasthan
D.Gujarat

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

Mayurasharman's kingdom was in present-day Karnataka.

Mayurasharman founded the Kadamba dynasty in the fourth century CE, with its capital at Banavasi in what is now the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. The Kadambas were one of the earliest ruling houses of the Kannada country, and the Talagunda pillar inscription in Karnataka tells the story of how he rose to power.

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat lie far to the north of Banavasi and were never the seat of the Kadamba kingdom, so those three options are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

According to the Uttaramerur inscription, who could become a member of a Sabha ?

(A) The owners of land from which land revenue is collected.
(B) They should be between 25 and 70 years of age.
(C) They should have their own houses.
(D) They should have knowledge of the Vedas.

A.Only (A), (C) and (D)
B.Only (A)
C.Only (A) and (B)
D.Only (A) and (D)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: A

Statements A, C and D are correct, so the answer is Only (A), (C) and (D).

The Chola-period inscription from Uttaramerur, in Chingleput district of Tamil Nadu, sets out who could be a member of the village sabha. Members had to own land from which land revenue was collected (A), had to have their own homes (C), and had to have knowledge of the Vedas (D). They also had to be well-versed in administration and honest.

Statement B is wrong because the inscription gives the age limits as 35 to 70 years, not 25 to 70. Options that include B, or that leave out C or D, do not match the inscription.

Discuss in Forum

Match the following and choose the appropriate option.

A	B
(a) Grihapatis	(i) Landless Labourers
(b) Shrenis	(ii) Independent farmers
(c) Adimai	(iii) Coastal Settlement
(d) Arikamedu	(iv) Craft persons

A.(a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)
B.(a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)
C.(a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
D.(a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: A

The correct matching is (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii).

Grihapatis were the independent farmers of northern villages, most of them smaller landowners (ii).
Shrenis were associations of craft persons and merchants (iv).
In the Tamil region, the adimai, like the kadaisiyar, were landless labourers, including slaves (i).
Arikamedu, near present-day Puducherry, was a coastal settlement where ships unloaded goods from distant lands (iii).

The other three options each pair at least one term wrongly, for example making shrenis landless labourers or Arikamedu a group of craft persons.

Discuss in Forum

Who built the Golconda Fort?

A.Chola Dynasty
B.Chalukya Dynasty
C.Kakatiya Dynasty
D.Pallava Dynasty

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: C

The Golconda Fort was built by the Kakatiya dynasty.

The fort near Hyderabad was first built as a mud fort by the Kakatiyas of Warangal around the 13th century. It was later rebuilt and greatly expanded in granite by the Qutb Shahi sultans, who made Golconda their capital and a famous diamond market.

The Cholas ruled in the Tamil country, the Chalukyas in the Deccan from Badami and Kalyani, and the Pallavas from Kanchipuram; none of them built Golconda.

Discuss in Forum

The mural painting from Ellora Caves which shows Vishnu as Narasimha, the man-lion, is a work of which period?

A.Gurjara-Pratihara period
B.Rashtrakuta period
C.Chalukya period
D.Gupta period

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: B

The painting belongs to the Rashtrakuta period.

The Kailasanatha temple at Ellora, cut from a single rock, was built under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I in the eighth century, and the paintings and sculptures there, including the depiction of Vishnu as Narasimha, are attributed to the Rashtrakuta period.

The Gupta period is earlier and is associated with Ajanta; the Chalukyas of Badami preceded the Rashtrakutas in the Deccan; and the Gurjara-Pratiharas ruled in the north.

Discuss in Forum

The Ahoms migrated to the Brahmaputra Valley in the thirteenth century from the present-day ___________ .

A.Myanmar
B.Nepal
C.Bangladesh
D.Bhutan

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2026,

Answer: A

The Ahoms came from present-day Myanmar.

The Ahoms were a Tai people who migrated into the Brahmaputra valley from what is now Myanmar in the thirteenth century. They created a new state by suppressing the older political system of the bhuiyans (landlords), and ruled Assam for about six centuries, with a strong army and a system of forced labour (paiks).

Their origin lies to the east of Assam, which rules out Nepal and Bhutan in the Himalaya to the north-west and Bangladesh to the south-west.

Discuss in Forum

From the following, how many pairs are correctly matched as mentioned in the Pallava inscriptions ?

I. Sabha - Assembly of Brahmin landowners
II. Ur - Organisation of Merchants
III. Nagaram - Village assembly

Choose the correct option :

A.All three
B.Only one
C.Only two
D.None of these

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2026,

Answer: B

Only one pair is correctly matched, so the answer is Only one.

Pallava inscriptions mention several local assemblies. The sabha was an assembly of brahmin landowners, so pair I is correct.

Pairs II and III have their descriptions swapped. The ur was the village assembly found in areas where the landowners were not brahmanas, and the nagaram was an organisation of merchants. With two of the three pairs wrong, 'All three', 'Only two' and 'None of these' are all ruled out.

Discuss in Forum

10.

Assertion : The relationship between the State and religion may be a bone of contention in today's Indian polity, but history presents workable solutions.

Choose the appropriate reason/reasons for the above assertion.

A. Temples were often central to the economy and society.
B. The town of Ramdaspur had developed around the central Gurudwara called Harmandar Sahib.
C. Sufis were Muslim mystics who rejected outward religiosity and emphasized compassion for all fellow human beings.
D. History is about the battles between different States and religions.

A.Only A, B and C
B.Only A
C.Only B
D.Only D

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2026,

Answer: A

The appropriate reasons are A, B and C, so the answer is Only A, B and C.

Each of A, B and C is a historical example of religion and political or social life working together. Temples were often at the centre of the economy and society of their region (A). The town of Ramdaspur (Amritsar) grew up around the Harmandar Sahib, and the early Sikh community there was largely self-governing (B). The Sufis rejected outward religiosity and preached compassion for all human beings, whatever their faith (C). Such examples are what the assertion means by history presenting workable solutions.

Statement D is a narrow and mistaken view: history is not only about battles between states and religions, and that view would support conflict rather than solutions. So the options containing D, or leaving out A, B or C, are wrong.

Early Medieval Regional Kingdoms Questions and Answers

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