Kerning refers to the adjustment of
Answer: A
Certain pairs, such as an upper-case A beside a V, leave an awkward gap at their default spacing and are closed up individually. Adjusting the spacing of a whole run of letters uniformly is tracking, a different operation.
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Leading is the term for
Answer: B
Correct answer: the vertical space between lines of type
The name comes from the strips of lead once placed between lines of metal type. On a map, generous leading in a multi-line name keeps the lines from crowding and helps the reader see them as one label rather than as separate names.
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Tracking, as distinct from kerning, adjusts
Answer: C
Opening the tracking spreads a name evenly across a feature, which is how the label of a large region is made to span it. Kerning by contrast is a local correction applied to a single awkward pair and leaves the rest of the word untouched.
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A name spread with wide letter spacing across a large region on a map indicates that
Answer: D
Extending the lettering across the feature ties the name to the whole of it rather than to any one point. It is the areal equivalent of running a river name along its channel, and the reader takes the extent of the spacing as the extent of the feature.
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Serif typefaces are distinguished from sans serif by
Answer: A
Correct answer: small finishing strokes at the letter ends
The serif is the small terminal stroke, and its presence or absence is the primary division among typefaces. Serif faces are conventionally used for physical features and sans serif for cultural ones, which gives a reader an immediate cue to the kind of thing a name refers to.
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State whether the following is true or false.
Using several unrelated typefaces on one map improves the reader's ability to distinguish categories.
Answer: B
Correct answer: False
Several unrelated faces make a sheet look confused rather than organised, and the reader cannot tell which differences are meaningful. Distinction is better carried by systematic variation within a family - weight, italic, size, capitals - so that every difference the reader sees stands for something.
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A halo or mask placed behind map lettering serves to
Answer: C
A thin band of the background colour interrupts contours and hatching so the letters remain legible. It is a legibility device only and carries no meaning at all about the feature it names, which is why it is kept as unobtrusive as the background allows.
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Assertion (A): A river name is set along the course of the river rather than horizontally beside it.
Reason (R): Lettering that follows a feature is associated with it without any further cue.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism. A name curving along a river is unmistakably attached to it, so no leader line or other device is needed and the name does its own work of association. The same principle sets a range name along the range and a coastal name along the coast.
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Consider the following statements about map lettering.
1. Type should not be set upside down anywhere on the sheet.
2. A settlement name is conventionally placed to the upper right of its symbol.
3. Lettering should always be horizontal regardless of the feature it names.
Answer: A
Correct answer: 1 and 2 only
Statements 1 and 2 are conventions of good practice: type is never set upside down, and a settlement name goes to the upper right of its symbol unless something is in the way. Statement 3 contradicts the previous item - linear features are named along their course precisely because that association is worth more than horizontality.
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Reversing type, that is setting it light on a dark ground, is best restricted to
Answer: B
Correct answer: larger sizes and heavier weights
Reversed type loses the fine strokes to ink spread on press, so a small or light face becomes illegible or fills in altogether. Restricting the technique to larger sizes and heavier weights keeps the counters open, and it is why reversed type is used for headings rather than for detail.
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