Memory Management Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Correct answer: beginners

BASIC was written at Dartmouth in 1964 as a first language for students who were not scientists, which is what its name records: Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.

Answer: C

Correct answer: either low or high memory (depending on the location of interrupt vector)

The operating system is placed at whichever end of memory the interrupt vector occupies, since the vector must be reachable and is fixed by the hardware. On most machines that is low memory, but the principle rather than the address is what matters.

Answer: B

Correct answer: function

INT takes a value and returns its integer part, so it is a function - here used inside the loop's condition to test whether Option is a whole number.

Answer: B

Correct answer: is not being used

Internal fragmentation is the space inside an allocated block that the process does not use. It is allocated but wasted, which is what distinguishes it from external fragmentation, where the waste lies between blocks.

Answer: C

Correct answer: assembly code into machine code

An assembler translates assembly mnemonics into the binary instructions the processor executes, one for one. Going the other way is disassembly.

Answer: D

Correct answer: A program may fail if the required library version is changed or missing

With dynamic linking the library is not bound into the executable but located at run time, so a program depends on finding a compatible version present on the system. If the library is missing, moved or replaced by an incompatible version, the program fails to run - the difficulty known informally as dependency hell. Its advantages are substantial, which is why it is universal. Executables are far smaller, since library code is not duplicated into each. One copy of a library in memory serves every process using it, mapped into each address space. And a library can be patched - for a security fix, say - and every program benefits without relinking. Version management is handled by numbering, so several versions can coexist and each program binds to the one it needs. Static linking avoids the dependency entirely by copying the library in, at the cost of size and of losing the shared updates. That is why it is still chosen for self-contained or embedded software.

Answer: A

Correct answer: each process is contained in a single contiguous section of memory

Contiguous allocation means each process occupies one unbroken run of addresses. That is what makes it simple - a base and a limit describe the whole process - and also what causes external fragmentation.

Answer: A

Correct answer: data structure

A set of items organised together, so that the arrangement itself carries meaning, is a data structure: an array, a record, a list.

Answer: A

Correct answer: exactly one process

With fixed partitions each partition holds one process, and the unused space inside the partition is wasted - which is exactly internal fragmentation.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Google

Gmail is Google's mail service, launched in 2004.