Global Security Concerns Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Following the key, the Cold War is understood as a state of extreme political unfriendliness. The US and the USSR were hostile in every field, including propaganda, alliances and the arms race, without fighting each other directly.

Propaganda war was only one part of it and hot peace is not a standard description. The condition of neither war nor peace is close to the key's answer, but the key takes the unfriendliness option.

Answer: D

Nuclear trafficking is the activity for which the Golden Crescent is not famous. The Golden Crescent, which covers Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran, is known for the production and trade of opium and heroin, and for the arms and human trafficking linked with it.

The first three activities are linked with the area, so the answer is the last. The name comes from the crescent shape of the mountain region of those countries, which is a main source of the heroin that reaches Europe and Asia.

Answer: B

CSCE stands for the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe. It began with the Helsinki process in 1973-75 and was renamed the OSCE in 1995.

The other expansions are made up and are not the name of any such body. The process grew out of the East-West talks of the early 1970s and produced the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, which covered security, economic co-operation and human rights, and the organisation was later given a permanent structure.

Answer: D

The Trusteeship Council has ceased to work. It was created to supervise trust territories, and all of them had become independent by 1994, when Palau, the last, was freed, after which the Council suspended its operations.

The International Court of Justice, the Secretariat and the WHO, a specialised agency, are still working. The Trusteeship Council was one of the six principal organs set up by the UN Charter in 1945, along with the General Assembly, Security Council, ECOSOC, ICJ and Secretariat.

Answer: A

The order of emergence is NATO (1949), SEATO (1954), the Warsaw Treaty Organisation (1955) and CENTO. NATO was formed first, SEATO followed in Manila, the Warsaw Pact answered the admission of West Germany to NATO, and CENTO was formed from the Baghdad Pact.

The other orders put the Warsaw Pact before SEATO or NATO last, which cannot be right because NATO is the oldest.

Answer: B

'Threats without enemies' is linked with environmental security. Environmental dangers such as climate change, pollution and resource depletion harm states and people, yet no hostile state or actor is behind them, so security thinking had to widen beyond military threats.

Globalisation, technology transfer and illegal migration may be linked to security problems, but each can involve identifiable actors. The phrase is most closely tied to environmental harm.

Answer: D

All three factors have largely caused illegal migration and the flow of refugees. People are forced to move by government policies, such as persecution or expulsion, by the creation of new states and bad economic conditions, and by natural and man-made disasters.

Each of the first three statements is a genuine cause, but none is the whole picture alone. So the option combining all of them is the best answer.

Answer: B

The UN World Conference on Human Rights of June 1993 was held in Vienna. It adopted the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which affirmed the universality and indivisibility of human rights and led to the post of High Commissioner for Human Rights.

Geneva hosts the UN human rights bodies, but the 1993 conference met in Vienna. London and Paris did not host it. The venue is also linked with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and with many other conferences, which can make the city easy to confuse with Geneva.

Answer: C

Cyber security threats are an important component of information warfare, which covers attacks on and defence of information and the networks that carry it. Cyber attacks, disruption of systems and propaganda over the internet all fall in this field.

Psychological warfare works on the minds of people, and chemical and nuclear warfare use weapons of those kinds. Cyber security belongs most naturally to information warfare.

Answer: D

The problem of fundamentalism and extremism in South Asia could be tackled only when the policies of counter-terrorism in the region are harmonised. The problem crosses borders, so separate national approaches do not work, and shared action is needed.

The Taliban's failure in Kabul, accounting for US aid to Pakistan, and regional organisations implementing their commitments are useful, but each is only a part. The key points to the harmonised counter-terrorism policy as the condition.