Educational Studies Questions and Answers

Answer: B

In a democracy the one who governs is the people.

Democracy means rule by the people, who exercise power through the representatives they elect. Sovereignty rests with them.

The minister, the leaders and the bureaucrats only carry out functions given by the people through the constitution and elections, and they are answerable to the people.

Answer: A

The correct matching is i-e, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a, which is code (A).

Members of a ladies club need leisure time guidance (e), criminals need moral guidance (c), aged and sickly people need health guidance (d) and college students need vocational guidance (a). Social guidance (b) is left over, since the second list has five items for four in the first.

Codes (B), (C) and (D) give at least one group the wrong type of guidance, for example criminals vocational guidance or college students social guidance.

Answer: D

The key takes conflict as the odd item.

Cooperation, competition and interaction are processes by which people take part with one another in society, and cooperation and interaction build and keep up social relations. Conflict is the process of opposing and hurting another, which is the disruptive one.

The other three are accepted as normal, constructive processes of social life, and conflict is the one with the opposite effect.

Answer: C

The best form of government for developing education is democracy.

A democracy values equality of opportunity, the freedom to think and the participation of all citizens, so it makes education available to everyone and encourages critical thinking.

Aristocracy, monarchy and dictatorship concentrate power in a few, and they tend to restrict education to a few classes or to control what is taught.

Answer: B

The interview is considered the best tool for assessing the gravity of the client's problem because it helps to get first hand information about the client and the problem.

In an interview the counsellor meets the person, hears the problem in his or her own words and watches expression and manner, so the seriousness of the problem can be judged directly.

(A) merely defines the counselling interview. (C), that it is easy to organise, is not true of a good interview and is not a reason for its value, and (D), that it can be videographed, is a technical convenience and not a reason.

Answer: A

Modernization is a social change in which society becomes more open.

With modernization, rigid traditional divisions weaken, status depends more on achievement and mobility between groups increases. Ideas spread widely, and society becomes more open.

A more stratified or more closed society would be moving away from modernization, and a less orderly one is not what the term means.

Answer: C

What adds to the resourcefulness of a guidance worker is the skill of listening and face reading, and empathy, III and IV, option (C).

A guidance worker works through understanding people, so the ability to listen, to read expression and to feel with the client are the personal resources that help most.

Scholarship, accessibility, qualification and punctuality are useful qualities, but they are formal conditions of the job, and they do not make up the skills that make the worker resourceful. So the codes with I or II are wrong.

Answer: C

Education leading to unemployment is an example of dysfunctional social change.

A dysfunction is an effect that harms the working of society. Education is meant to prepare people for work, so when it leaves educated people jobless, it has a harmful result.

Normative and descriptive describe kinds of statements, not changes, and synchronic refers to the study of society at one point in time.

Answer: C

The commission's key takes (C): we never get knowledge, because there is no knowledge out there, it is our own creation.

The stem asks for the most appropriate view of how knowledge is acquired. This option expresses the constructivist position that learners build knowledge for themselves and do not simply receive it from a reality outside them, which is the position educational thought has moved towards.

Options (A) and (B) are the empiricist and rationalist positions, each of which takes one source alone as valid. Option (D) combines reason and perception, which is a moderate view, but the key prefers the constructivist statement.

Answer: A

The thinker who held that questions lead people from unconscious ignorance to conscious ignorance is Socrates.

Socrates taught by asking questions, the method known as elenchus or the Socratic method. Persistent questioning made a person realise how little he knew, and that awareness of ignorance was the starting point of real inquiry.

Plato and Aristotle developed philosophy after him and Chanakya was an Indian thinker of statecraft, so none of them is the source of this idea.