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Biology Questions and Answers

521.

In Pedology we study about

Answer: C

Pedology is the study of soil - its formation, classification and distribution.

The name comes from the Greek pedon, ground. It is not to be confused with pedagogy, the study of teaching.

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522.

Our major foods, fibres, spices, fruits and beverage crops are

Answer: A

Our major foods, fibres, spices, fruits and beverages come from flowering plants, the angiosperms.

They are the dominant land plants, with about 300,000 species, and include every cereal, pulse, oilseed and fruit crop. Gymnosperms supply timber and resin but almost no food.

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525.

The disease Goitre is caused in persons who do not have in their diet sufficient

Answer: C

Goitre is caused by a lack of iodine.

Iodine is needed to make thyroxine; without it the thyroid enlarges as it tries to compensate, producing the swelling in the neck. In children the deficiency also stunts growth and mental development, which is why salt is iodised.

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526.

Genes are situated on _________

Answer: A

Genes are situated on chromosomes.

Each chromosome is a single long DNA molecule with its associated proteins, and a gene is a stretch of that DNA. Sutton and Boveri proposed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902, and Morgan proved it with Drosophila.

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527.

The study of the way individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next is called

Answer: D

The study of how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next is genetics.

Mendel founded it with his work on peas; William Bateson coined the name in 1905. Homology and analogy belong to comparative anatomy, ecology to the study of organisms in their surroundings.

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528.

Study of factors connected with the improvement of human race ?

Answer: B

Eugenics is the study of improving the human race by controlling who reproduces.

Galton coined the term in 1883. In the twentieth century it was used to justify forced sterilisation and worse, and it is now wholly discredited. Euthenics, by contrast, seeks improvement through better surroundings.

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529.

Which one of the following air pollution can affect blood stream leading to death ?

Answer: B

Carbon monoxide acts on the bloodstream and can kill.

It binds to haemoglobin about 240 times more strongly than oxygen does, forming carboxyhaemoglobin, so the blood can no longer carry oxygen. Being colourless and odourless it gives no warning.

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530.

Damage to hearing is caused by sounds which exceed

Answer: D

Sound above 120 decibels damages hearing at once.

That is the threshold of pain, comparable to a jet engine at close range. Prolonged exposure above 85 dB damages hearing more slowly, which is why 85 dB is the usual occupational limit.

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