Extension and Community Development Questions and Answers

Answer: A

The correct match is a-ii, b-i, c-v, d-iii. The transect walk is used to identify geographic features, seasonal diagramming is used in agriculture related decisions, ranking and scoring is the expression of preferences, and the focused group discussion seeks opinions. This is the first option, and the other options mix at least two of the methods with the features. PRA, participatory rural appraisal, gives the community the means to describe its own situation through maps, walks, diagrams and ranking, and each of the four methods in List I has its own use in that work.

Answer: B

The key gives a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-v, the second option. Role play is matched with self-directed learning, a case study with problem solving, a discussion with stimulating creative ideas, and a demonstration with skill development. The first, third and fourth options give the demonstration or the discussion another aim, so the key rejects them. The pairing of role play is arguable, and a reviewer may note it. The key is followed for this match, since several of the objectives may be argued for more than one method, and the official key fixes the pairs.

Answer: A

The correct match is a-iv, b-i, c-vii, d-iii, e-v. The range of the mean plus or minus two standard deviations holds 95 percent of a normal distribution, plus or minus three holds 99.7 percent, and plus or minus one holds about 68 percent. A value of p = 0.045 is below 0.05 and p = .002 is below 0.01, so they go with the two alpha levels. This is the first option, and the others give the one-sigma range the wrong figure, so they are rejected.

Answer: C

The overall female literacy rate in Census 2011 is 65.5%.

The census recorded an overall literacy of about 74% with male literacy at about 82% and female literacy at about 65%. The values of 54.6% and 38.2% are close to the female rates of earlier census years, and 10.8% is not a literacy rate for India as a whole. A useful check is the gap between the sexes: female literacy in Census 2011 was lower than male literacy by about 16 percentage points, so any figure close to the male rate of 82 percent would be wrong too.

Answer: A

International Literacy Day is celebrated on 8th September.

UNESCO proclaimed it in 1965 to highlight the importance of literacy, and it has been observed every year since 1967. The other dates in the options (8 October, 8 November and 8 August) are not the day of this observance. The day is meant to draw attention to the number of adults and young people who cannot read and write, and each year has its own theme set by UNESCO. It is therefore a date in early September and not in the autumn months named in the other options.

Answer: A

All four features are essential to leaders' training.

A participatory atmosphere and group interaction let trainees learn from one another, realistic venues make the training close to the work and create work opportunities give them a chance to practise. Since each feature is accepted, the code that lists all four is correct and the shorter codes leave out true items.

Answer: C

The assertion is true and the reason is the reason for it, so the third code applies.

Non-formal education reaches people who are outside the school, such as adults and out-of-school children, and it can be arranged to suit their time and age. This flexibility is why it is important for developing societies. The codes that say the reason does not explain the assertion, or that either statement is false, do not fit.

Answer: A

The steps in carrying out a training programme run reception of trainees, registration, introduction of the participants, building a training group and monitoring of the programme, III, IV, II, I, V.

Trainees are received and registered on arrival, introduced to each other, formed into a group and the programme is monitored throughout. A group cannot be built before the participants are introduced, so the other codes are out of order. The programme thus moves from the arrival of the trainees to the forming of the group and the review of its progress, which is the sequence in the keyed code.

Answer: B

The correct matching is a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv, the second code.

Budgeting is the allocation of funds for carrying out the project, monitoring is the gathering and analysis of data, auditing is meant to improve the working of the system and reporting is the formal record of the programme. The other codes give budgeting the data gathering or reporting the improvement function. The functions follow a project from the planning of funds to the record of what was done: money is allocated in the budget, progress is watched by monitoring, accounts are checked by audit and results are written in a report.

Answer: D

A cumulative frequency distribution is used to find where a score ranks relative to all others, since it shows the number or percentage of scores at or below each value, from which percentile ranks and medians are read.

A frequency polygon and a grouped frequency distribution show how many scores fall in each class, not the standing relative to the rest. A probability distribution gives the chance of each value occurring, which is a different thing from the rank of a score in a data set.