Extension and Community Development Questions and Answers

Answer: D

The Gurgaon experiment was carried out by F.L. Brayne (v), the Sriniketan experiment by Rabindranath Tagore (iii), the Marthandam experiment by Spencer Hatch (ii) and the Etawah pilot project by Albert Mayer (iv). So the match is (a)-(v), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv), option (D). Mahatma Gandhi, (i), is linked with rural reconstruction at Sevagram, not with any of these four, and options (A) and (C) give him Sriniketan while option (B) gives him Gurgaon, so each of them misplaces the leaders.

Answer: C

Medha Patkar led the Narmada Bachao Andolan (i), Sundarlal Bahuguna the Chipko movement to save trees (v), Mahatma Gandhi the movement for freedom (iv) and Vinoba Bhave the Bhoodan, or land gift, movement (ii). So the match is (a)-(i), (b)-(v), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii), which is option (C). Corruption, (iii), is the cause of none of the four. Option (A) gives it to Patkar, option (B) gives Bhoodan to Patkar, and option (D) gives Gandhi the Bhoodan movement and Vinoba Bhave freedom, which reverses the true pairs.

Answer: A

The degrees of freedom are 7, the first option. When the groups are matched, the 8 subjects of the control group are paired with the 8 of the experimental group, and the test is made on the differences between the pairs, so the degrees of freedom are the number of pairs minus one:

\[ df = N - 1 \]

\[ df = 8 - 1 = 7 \]

The value 14 would be the degrees of freedom for two independent groups of 8, \(8 + 8 - 2\), and 15 and 8 do not arise in either design, so only 7 fits the matched design.

Answer: B

A result demonstration is undertaken when the process is very long, the outputs are to be compared, and the relative advantage of a method is to be shown, which is I, II and IV, the second option. It is a demonstration of the end result of using a practice, carried out over a period so that farmers or homemakers can see the gain from it. A very short process, III, is shown by a method demonstration, so the options with III are wrong.

Answer: D

The non-parametric tests among those listed are the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney test and the sign test, which is (a), (e) and (d), the fourth option. These tests do not assume that the data come from a normally distributed population. ANOVA and Pearson's r are parametric, since they assume a normal distribution and interval data, so the options containing (b) or (c) are wrong. The test of whether a method is parametric is whether it assumes a normal population, and all three of the methods in the key avoid that assumption, which makes them suitable for ranked or skewed data.

Answer: C

Both statements are true, which is the third option. Literacy is indispensable for national development, since an educated population can take part in the economy and in governance, and India cannot make rapid progress unless ignorance is wiped out, which supports the assertion. The other options call one or both statements false, so they are not accepted. India's low literacy rate was seen after independence as a drag on every plan, and adult education and the literacy missions were launched on this reasoning, which is the thought stated in the reason.

Answer: C

The key gives the third option, both true and (R) the correct explanation of (A). A random sample is a systematic form of selection in which each member of the population has a known chance of being chosen, so it is representative of the population, and hypothesis testing in inferential statistics is concerned with a population, using the sample as the basis for the decision, which the key takes as the explanation. The relation between the two statements is a matter of reading, so a reviewer may note it. The other options are not accepted.

Answer: B

The key gives (e), (c), (b), (a), (d), the second option, as the sequence of steps in training for development: need assessment, programme development, implementation, evaluation and follow up. The need is found first, a programme is designed to meet it, it is carried out, its results are evaluated, and the follow up checks that the learning is used. The other options put the follow up before the evaluation or the evaluation before the implementation.

Answer: B

The correct sequence is (c), (d), (e), (a), (b), the second option. A frequency distribution is first made in table form, a suitable scale for the axes is then decided, the class interval mid-points are labelled along the horizontal axis, a dot is placed above each mid-point at a height equal to the frequency, and the dots are joined by straight lines. The first option decides the scale before the table, the third plots before there is a table, and the fourth places the dots before the scale, so they are wrong.

Answer: C

The correct match is a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii. A questionnaire suits large samples of literate adults, observation is the method for infants who cannot report on themselves, an interview gives in-depth data from rural women, and psychometric tests suit adolescents with psychological problems. This is the third option. The other options use a questionnaire for the home environment or the infants, which does not suit them.