Knowledge Organisation and Retrieval Questions and Answers

Answer: D

Both (A) and (B) are false.

The two definitions are swapped. Precision is the proportion of the retrieved documents that are relevant. Recall is the proportion of all the relevant documents in the collection that were retrieved.

\[ \begin{aligned} P &= \frac{\text{relevant retrieved}}{\text{total retrieved}} \\ R &= \frac{\text{relevant retrieved}}{\text{total relevant}} \end{aligned} \]

Statement A gives the definition of recall and statement B that of precision, so neither is true, which rules out the other three options.

Answer: C

Both (A) and (R) are true.

The Common Communication Format (CCF), published under UNESCO's auspices in 1984, was designed for the exchange of bibliographic records between libraries and information services using different formats, so statement A is true.

By giving different systems a common structure for their records, it makes it possible to pool them, which supports building union catalogues across institutions and countries, as statement R says. Since both statements are true, the options calling either false are wrong.

Answer: B

Both (A) and (R) are false.

Google does not use pre-coordinate indexing. It indexes the words of documents separately, and the terms are combined only when a user types a query, which is post-coordinate indexing. So A is false.

Pre-coordinate indexing, as in subject headings, chain indexing or PRECIS, combines the terms into a heading at the time of indexing, in a fixed order decided by an indexer. It suits manual indexing and printed indexes; automated indexing works with post-coordinate methods. So R is false too, and the options calling either statement true are wrong.

Answer: C

The standard is Z39.71.

ANSI/NISO Z39.71, Holdings Statements for Bibliographic Items, sets out how holdings information, such as which volumes and issues a library has, is recorded and displayed, and it underlies the holdings data in MARC records.

Z39.50 is a different standard: the client-server protocol for searching and retrieving records from remote databases and catalogues. Z59.50 and Z59.71 are not NISO standards; they are distractors built from the real numbers.

Answer: A

The answer is (i) and (iii) are correct: information recording and information access.

Information storage and retrieval covers the two halves its name describes: storage, meaning recording and organising information in a retrievable form, and retrieval, meaning giving users access to the information they need.

Creating information is the work of authors and researchers, not of a storage and retrieval system, and security is a separate concern of information management.

Answer: A

The answer is RDF/XML.

RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a data model; RDF/XML is the original W3C syntax for writing RDF statements in XML, and it was the standard serialisation of RDF when the specification was published (Turtle and JSON-LD came later).

HTML/RDF, RDF/HTML and RDF/SGML are not names of RDF syntaxes.

Answer: C

The answer is Both (A) and (R) are true.

Libraries do face difficulties in moving to linked data: converting legacy records, building identifiers and links, retraining staff and changing systems.

A major reason is that library metadata has long been built around MARC records, which describe whole documents as self-contained records, rather than around data-centric models (such as RDF and BIBFRAME) that express each fact as linkable data. Both statements are true.

Answer: D

The phase relation 'e' shows Tool.

In the 6th edition of Ranganathan's Colon Classification, phase relations are shown by the connecting symbol 0 followed by a letter: a for general relation, b for bias, c for comparison, d for difference, e for tool and g for influence.

So 'e' marks a tool phase (one subject used as a tool to study another), while comparison is c, influence g, and general a.

Answer: B

AACR II specifies 3 levels of description.

Rule 1.0D of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition, sets out three levels of description: the first gives the minimum elements, the second a fuller standard description, and the third every element the rules allow.

Two, four and five are not the number of levels in AACR2.

Answer: B

The answer is Phases.

In Ranganathan's theory, a complex subject is formed when two or more subjects are brought together in a phase relation. The phases are loosely assembled, related only incidentally (by comparison, bias, influence and so on), and can easily be separated again into their component subjects.

A facet is a set of isolates divided by one characteristic, an array is a series of coordinate classes from one characteristic, and a basic subject is the main subject itself; none is described as loosely assembled and incidentally related.