Which one of the following microorganisms is not a virus?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Salmonella
Salmonella is a bacterium, the cause of typhoid and of much food poisoning. Ebola, rhinovirus (the common cold) and influenza are all viruses.
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Which one of the microorganisms below reproduces inside living cells and eventually kills the cell?
Answer: A
Correct answer: Virus
A virus takes over the host cell’s machinery to make copies of itself, and the cell is commonly destroyed as the new particles are released. That is what makes viruses so hard to treat: attacking the virus means attacking a process the cell itself is carrying out.
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The bacterium present in curd is:
Answer: B
Correct answer: Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus converts the lactose of milk into lactic acid, which coagulates the casein and sets the curd. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid, Vibrio cholerae cholera, and Penicillium is a mould.
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Amoeba belongs to
Answer: C
Correct answer: Protozoa
Amoeba is a protozoan - a single-celled eukaryote that moves and feeds by extending pseudopodia. It has no cell wall and no chlorophyll, which is what separates it from algae and fungi.
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Mycology is the study of
Answer: B
Correct answer: Fungi
Mycology is the study of fungi - from the Greek mykes, a mushroom. Bacteriology deals with bacteria, entomology with insects, and parasitology with parasites.
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Diseases like polio and chicken pox are caused by _______
Answer: C
Correct answer: Virus
Polio and chicken pox are both viral. Neither responds to antibiotics; both are prevented by vaccination, which is how polio has been all but eradicated.
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A lichen is a composite organism consisting of
Answer: D
Correct answer: Algae & Fungi
A lichen is a partnership: the fungus provides the structure, anchorage and protection from drying, and the alga (or cyanobacterium) photosynthesises to feed them both. The combination survives on bare rock where neither partner could live alone, and is so sensitive to air pollution that lichens are used as indicators of it.
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Spirogyra is
Answer: C
Correct answer: An algae
Spirogyra is a green alga - a filamentous freshwater form named for the spiral chloroplasts that run through each cell. It photosynthesises, which no protozoan, fungus or bacterium of this kind does.
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Athlete’s foot is an example of a disease caused by a
Answer: A
Correct answer: fungus
Athlete’s foot is a fungal infection of the skin between the toes, caused by dermatophytes that thrive in the warm damp conditions of enclosed shoes. It is treated with antifungal creams, not antibiotics.
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The vaccine for smallpox was discovered by
Answer: C
Correct answer: Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner introduced smallpox vaccination in 1796, having observed that milkmaids who had caught cowpox did not take smallpox. The word vaccine comes from vacca, a cow. Smallpox is the only human disease to have been eradicated.
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