Attention, Perception, Learning and Memory Questions and Answers

Answer: B

The correct matching is p-4, q-1, r-2, s-3. Broadbent proposed the filter model of attention, Deutsch and Deutsch the late selection model, Treisman the attenuation model, and Kahneman the capacity model.

The other codes give the filter model to Treisman or the capacity model to Broadbent, which is not so. Only 4 1 2 3 matches every name with its model.

Answer: B

The statement that any activity can be a reinforcer if a contingency schedule restricts access to it is the disequilibrium hypothesis (Timberlake and Allison). An activity becomes reinforcing when the schedule prevents the animal from engaging in it at its preferred level.

The Premack principle is the earlier idea that a more probable behaviour reinforces a less probable one, instinctual drift is the return of instinctive behaviour to learned responses, and a concurrent schedule is a pair of schedules in operation at once. So the disequilibrium hypothesis is the one stated.

Answer: C

The correct matching is p-4, q-2, r-1, s-3. A drive means the learner must want something, a cue means the learner must attend to something, a response means the learner must do something, and reinforcement means that the behaviour must get the learner something he or she wants.

These are the four elements of Dollard and Miller's account of learning. The other codes give 'must do something' to the drive or 'must want something' to the response, which does not agree with the meaning.

Answer: A

Both statements are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Vigilance is attending to a field of stimulation over a long period to detect a target, and signal detection theory explains how detection depends on the physical energy of the stimulus and on internal factors such as expectation and motivation.

Since vigilance performance is analysed in signal detection terms, (R) explains (A). The options which deny either statement or the explanation are wrong.