Comparative and Development Administration Questions and Answers

Answer: B

In descending order, the local government institutions of the United Kingdom are the metropolitan county, the metropolitan district, the shire and the parish, which is the code (ii), (i), (iv) and (iii).

The metropolitan counties are the large units, the metropolitan districts lie below them, the shire (the non-metropolitan county) comes next in the listing, and the parish is the smallest unit. The other codes place the parish or the metropolitan district in a higher position.

Answer: B

The city manager in the council-manager form of local government in the USA is appointed by the council. The council is the elected body that makes policy and chooses a professional manager to run the administration, and can remove him.

The State Governor and the Mayor do not appoint the manager, and the manager is not elected, so the other options are rejected. The council-manager plan separates policy from administration. The council is elected, it appoints the manager as chief executive and the manager remains answerable to it, which is why the council and not the Governor or the Mayor is the appointing body.

Answer: A

The statement that development administration is primarily concerned with the tasks and process of formulating and implementing the four P's, which are plans, policies, programmes and projects, was made by Donald C. Stone.

Riggs, Weidner and Luther Gulick are also known for work on administration and development, but the quoted statement is not theirs. Stone wrote about the administration of development programmes in the developing countries, and his statement lists the four P's as plans, policies, programmes and projects, which are the working parts of development administration.

Answer: A

The view that administration in the developing countries is imitative rather than indigenous is expressed by Ferrel Heady, as the key records. His work on comparative public administration notes that the systems of many new countries were taken from the former colonial powers.

David McClelland is known for the achievement motive, T.N. Chaturvedi for work on Indian administration and Hahn-Been Lee for writing on development administration. The statement is not credited to them.

Answer: B

The pair that is not correctly matched is F.W. Riggs with nation building and socio-economic progress, as the key gives. Riggs saw development as the increase of autonomy of a social system through the growth of its diffraction, and not as nation building and socio-economic progress, which is the formulation of Weidner and others.

Colm and Geiger as change plus growth, Chaturvedi as transformation of society and Hahn-Been Lee as the achievement of progressive objectives are the matching used in the literature.

Answer: A

The key gives the sequence as Cultural Hurdles in Development Administration, Approaches to Development, Politics, Administration and Change, Political Order in Changing Societies, and The Frontiers of Development Administration. The code is (iv), (ii), (iii), (i).

In this sequence Political Order in Changing Societies is Huntington's 1968 book, and the Frontiers of Development Administration appeared in 1970, which is why it comes last. The other codes put the Frontiers earlier than Political Order, or place the Cultural Hurdles volume after them.

Answer: B

The definition of development administration as a process of carrying out planned change in the economy, in agriculture or industry, or in the capital infrastructure supporting either of these, and to a lesser extent in the social services of the State, is given by J. Montgomery.

Esman, Weidner and Riggs also wrote on development administration, but the economic emphasis of this wording belongs to Montgomery, who stressed the planned change in the economy. The other options are therefore rejected.

Answer: A

The part of the Executive Office of the U.S. President is the White House staff and the Office of Management and Budget.

Both are units of the Executive Office created to support the President directly: the White House Office is his personal staff, and the Office of Management and Budget helps him prepare the budget and oversee agencies.

The Office of Personnel Management and the Federal Labor Relations Authority are independent agencies and not parts of the Executive Office of the President. Each of the other three options contains at least one of these, which makes them wrong.

Answer: B

The definition of comparative public administration was given by Ferrel Heady and S.L. Stokes.

It describes comparative public administration as the theory of public administration applied to diverse cultures and national settings, together with the body of factual data by which it can be examined. This is the standard definition cited from Heady and Stokes.

Robert Dahl, William Siffin and Dwight Waldo all wrote on administration and its comparative study, but the quoted wording is not credited to them, so they do not match the key.

Answer: D

All four listed gaps occur in development programmes, so the answer is (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).

The statement lists inadequate administrative planning, traditional administrative practices, procedural deficiencies and a lack of consciousness about achieving goals. Taken together they describe why the organisation and operation of development programmes fall short, and none of them is contradicted by the question.

Each of the three-item options omits one of the four gaps, so all of them are incomplete and do not match the key.