Mahatma Gandhi believed that industrialisation was no answer to the problems that plague the mass of India's poor and that villagers should be taught to be self-sufficient in food, weave their own cloth from cotton and eschew the glittering prizes that the 20th century so temptingly offers. Such an idyllic and rural paradise did not appear to those who inherited the reins of political power.
Mahatma Gandhi's dream of 'an idyllic and rural paradise' was not shared by
Answer: A
Correct answer: Those who inherited political powers after independence
The passage says the vision did not appear to those who inherited the reins of political power. The option about those who disbelieved in industrialisation names people who would have shared the dream, not rejected it.
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Speech is a great blessing but it can also be a great curse, for while it helps us to make our intentions and desires known to our fellows, it can also if we use it carelessly, make our attitude completely misunderstood. A slip of the tongue, the use of unusual word, or of an ambiguous word, and so on, may create an enemy where we had hoped to win a friend. Again, different classes of people use different vocabularies, and the ordinary speech of an educated man may strike an uneducated listener as pompous. Unwittingly, we may use a word which bears a different meaning to our listener from what it does to men of our own class. Thus speech is not a gift to use lightly without thought, but one which demands careful handling. Only a fool will express himself alike to all kinds and conditions of men.
The best way to win a friend is to avoid
Answer: D
Correct answer: Ambiguity in speech
The passage lists what turns a would-be friend into an enemy: a slip of the tongue, the use of an unusual word, or of an ambiguous word. Ambiguity is named there, and the paragraph goes on to explain the danger - that a word may bear a different meaning to our listener than to us. Pomposity is mentioned, but as how the educated sound, not as what loses a friend.
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While talking to an uneducated person, we should use
Answer: B
Correct answer: His vocabulary
The passage says different classes of people use different vocabularies and that educated speech may strike an uneducated listener as pompous. The remedy that follows from this is to meet the listener in the vocabulary he uses. Simple words is close, but the passage's point is about matching the listener rather than about simplicity as such.
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If one used the same style of language with everyone, one would sound
Answer: C
Correct answer: Foolish
The passage ends with the judgement itself: only a fool will express himself alike to all kinds and conditions of men. The other three options describe how such speech might sound; the passage says what it makes the speaker.
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A 'slip of the tongue' means something said
Answer: C
Correct answer: Unintentionally
A slip of the tongue is a mistake in speaking that the speaker did not mean to make; the whole point of the passage is that such accidents can create an enemy where we had hoped to win a friend. Saying something wrongly by choice or to hurt another person would be deliberate, which a slip by definition is not.
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Speech can be curse, because it can
Answer: C
Correct answer: Create misunderstanding
The passage says speech can also, if we use it carelessly, make our attitude completely misunderstood, and everything after that sentence - the slip of the tongue, the ambiguous word, the class difference in vocabulary - illustrates how. Revealing our intentions is given as the blessing, not the curse.
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What needs to be set right is our approach to work. It is a common sight in our country of employees reporting for duty on time and at the same time doing little work. If an assessment is made of time they spent in gossiping, drinking tea, eating "pan" and smoking cigarettes, it will be shocking to know that the time devoted to actual work is negligible. The problem is the standard which the leadership in administration sets for the staff. Forget the ministers because they mix politics and administration. What do top bureaucrats do? What do the below down officials do? The administrative set-up remains weak mainly because the employees do not have the right example to follow and they are more concerned about being in the good books of the bosses than doing work.
The employees in our country
Answer: A
Correct answer: are quite punctual but not duty conscious
The passage says employees report for duty on time and at the same time doing little work, and then itemises the gossiping, tea, pan and cigarettes that fill the day. Punctuality and productivity are separated exactly this way, so the option about lateness contradicts the passage and the ones about temperament and qualifications are never raised.
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According to the writer, the administration in India
Answer: D
Correct answer: is more or less ineffective
The passage says the administrative set-up remains weak, and traces that weakness to leadership that sets no example and to staff more concerned with pleasing their bosses than with working. Red tape is a different complaint and is nowhere mentioned.
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The word assessment means
Answer: C
Correct answer: Evaluation
If an assessment is made of the time they spent… means if that time were measured and judged, which is what evaluation denotes. An enquiry investigates, a report records, and a summary shortens; none of the three weighs or judges.
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The leadership in administration
Answer: D
Correct answer: is of a very poor standard
The passage asks what top bureaucrats and lower officials actually do, and concludes that employees do not have the right example to follow. Setting no example to follow is precisely a poor standard, and it is offered as the main cause of the weakness described.
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