Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Mbps is a unit of internet speed.

Mbps means megabits per second, a measure of data transfer rate. Internet connections and network links are rated by how many megabits they can carry each second, for example a 100 Mbps broadband plan.

A printer's speed is measured in pages per minute (ppm), a processor's speed in gigahertz (GHz), and video resolution in pixels, such as 1920 by 1080.

Answer: D

Such an image is a thumbnail.

A thumbnail is a small preview of a larger image or video, used in galleries, file browsers and search results so that many items can be seen at once. Clicking a thumbnail usually opens the full-size image.

Clipart is ready-made artwork for inserting into documents, a bitmap is an image stored as a grid of pixels, and 'graphic' is a general word for any image. None means a reduced preview.

Answer: A

Both statements are true. Under a keyboard there is a grid of circuit traces in rows and columns, the key matrix. Pressing a key joins one row line to one column line, and the controller scans the grid to find which key was pressed. The second statement is also correct: Windows 11 is an operating system, Adobe Photoshop is an application program and Google Chrome is a browser, and all three are software rather than hardware. So the options that call either statement false are rejected.

Answer: B

The answer is Q only.

ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology, not Indian Classical Technology, so statement P is false.

Statement Q is true: ICT stresses the convergence of telecommunications and computing, and a standard example is merging audio-visual, telephone and computer networks into a single cabling and link system. That rules out the options accepting P.

Answer: D

Information is organised data.

Data are raw, unprocessed facts and figures. When they are processed, organised and given context so that they are meaningful and useful for decision-making, they become information.

So raw data and input data describe data before processing, not information, and 'raw knowledge' is not a standard term; knowledge is information that has been understood and applied.

Answer: D

The answer is all of the above.

Robots use artificial intelligence to perceive their surroundings, plan movements and make decisions. Natural language processing, which lets computers understand and generate human language, is itself a branch of AI. Virtual reality systems use AI for features such as realistic characters, gesture and speech recognition and adaptive environments.

Since each of the three uses AI, no single option is complete on its own.

Answer: D

The answer is all of the above.

Robotics is used in space missions, where rovers such as NASA's Curiosity and Perseverance study the surface of other planets; in humanoid robots, built to look and move like people; and in drones, which are flying robots used for surveys, delivery and surveillance.

Each listed use is a real application of robotics, so choosing only one of them would be incomplete.

Answer: C

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.

The CPU is the part of a computer that executes program instructions. It contains the arithmetic logic unit, which carries out calculations and comparisons, the control unit, which fetches and decodes instructions, and registers for temporary storage.

Central Protection Unit, Central Power Unit and Central Prerogative Unit are made-up expansions; the power supply, for example, is a separate unit (the PSU).

The other main parts of a computer are memory (RAM and ROM), which holds data and instructions, and the input and output devices.

Answer: B

An ATM is a B2C machine.

An automated teller machine is a channel through which a business, the bank, delivers services directly to its customers: cash withdrawal, balance enquiry and deposits. That is the business-to-consumer model of electronic commerce.

B2B describes transactions between businesses, such as a manufacturer buying from a supplier. G2B and G2C describe services from government to businesses or citizens, such as online tax filing, and do not describe a bank's ATM.

Answer: A

One gigabyte is \(2^{30}\) bytes.

In the binary convention used for computer memory, each unit is 1,024 times the one below it:

\[ \begin{aligned} 1\ \text{KB} &= 2^{10} \\ 1\ \text{MB} &= 2^{20} \\ 1\ \text{GB} &= 2^{30} = 1{,}073{,}741{,}824\ \text{bytes} \end{aligned} \]

So \(2^{20}\) bytes is one megabyte, \(2^{12}\) bytes is 4 KB, and \(2^{24}\) bytes is 16 MB; none of them is a gigabyte.