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Environmental Geography Questions and Answers

111.

Which one of the following is not the ingredient of sustainable development ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Non-optimal resource utilisation is not an ingredient of sustainable development, since sustainable development calls for the optimal and efficient use of resources so that they last. Using them in a non-optimal way wastes them.

Intergenerational equity, social justice and inter-regional equity (the options call it transferability) are part of the concept, which asks that present needs be met without harming the ability of future generations to meet theirs, with fair distribution among people and regions. So option D is the odd one.

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112.

Ecosystem has two components which are

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

An ecosystem has two components, abiotic and biotic. The abiotic part is the non-living environment such as soil, water, air, light and temperature, and the biotic part is all the living organisms (plants, animals and microbes).

Animals and plants are only part of the biotic component. Trees and weeds, and frogs and men, are just examples of living things and do not give the two components of the whole system.

The abiotic component supplies energy and nutrients, and the biotic component includes producers, consumers and decomposers. The ecosystem works through the interaction of the two, such as plants taking minerals from the soil, and animals taking food from plants.

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113.

All the ecosystems taken together in a geographical area form a bigger unit called

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

All the ecosystems taken together in a geographical area form a bigger unit called a biome, such as a tropical rain forest biome or a desert biome. Each biome is defined by its climate and dominant vegetation.

A community is only the group of living populations within one ecosystem. Territory is an area defended by an animal or group. The biosphere is the whole earth's life zone, which is larger than a regional ecosystem group.

A biome is recognised by its dominant plant form and climate, and a few examples are tundra, taiga, temperate grassland and tropical rain forest. A biome is made of many ecosystems, which is why it is said to be the bigger unit.

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114.

Which of the following statements about synecology is correct ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Synecology is the study of the complex interrelationship of biotic communities. It deals with groups of organisms associated together as a unit, in contrast to autecology.

The study of an individual species in relation to its environment is autecology, so option A is wrong. Habitat ecology and social ecology are not the meaning of synecology, so options C and D are wrong.

The prefix helps: 'syn' means together, so synecology deals with communities as wholes, such as a forest or a grassland, while autecology studies one species. The other options describe habitat study or human aspects, which are different branches of ecology.

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115.

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The pair that is not correctly matched is herbivores : organisms that consume plants and animals.

Herbivores eat only plants, so a consumer of both plants and animals is an omnivore. The other pairs are right: autotrophs make organic compounds from inorganic sources (A), heterotrophs depend on other organisms for energy (B), and detritivores feed on dead organic matter (D). Option C is the only definition that confuses herbivores with omnivores.

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116.

Selva forests are

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Selva is the name of the tropical rainforest of the Amazon basin, a broad leaf evergreen forest with tall trees, dense undergrowth and a closed canopy. It is not a deciduous forest, which sheds leaves in a dry season, nor a coniferous forest, which belongs to cooler regions such as the taiga. So the answer is Broad leaf evergreen forests. The Amazon selva has several layers of tall trees, lianas and epiphytes, and does not shed its leaves at a particular season, which is why it is called evergreen.

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117.

The specific place of an organism in an ecosystem is called as :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The specific place or role of an organism in an ecosystem, including what it eats and how it lives, is its niche. An autotroph is an organism that makes its own food, a trophic level is a position in the food chain, and a food pyramid is a diagram of numbers, biomass or energy at each level. Only niche means the organism's specific place, so the answer is A. The idea of the niche covers the food the species eats, its habitat and its time of activity, so two species with the same niche compete.

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118.

Which of the following is referred to as producer in marine ecosystem ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The producer in the marine ecosystem is phytoplankton, the microscopic floating plants that make food by photosynthesis and form the base of the marine food chain. Small fish and zooplankton are consumers and fungi are decomposers, so they are not producers. The answer is Phytoplankton. Producers are organisms that make organic matter from sunlight, so on the open sea the tiny floating phytoplankton, not the fish, are the first link of the food chain.

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119.

Saline soils are the results of

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Saline soils are the result of a high rate of evaporation and very little leaching of the soil, because in dry regions the water that rises by capillary action evaporates at the surface and leaves its dissolved salts behind. Heavy precipitation with leaching washes the salts away, so options A and C do the opposite, and 'all the above' is wrong. The answer is B. Salinity of this type is common in arid regions and in poorly drained irrigated land, where the evaporating water leaves white crusts of salt on the surface.

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120.

"There is no holiday for vegetation - growth is rapid, uninterrupted and continuous." This statement applies to

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The statement that there is no holiday for vegetation, with growth rapid, uninterrupted and continuous, applies to the rainy tropics, where the heat and rain continue throughout the year so plants have no dormant season. The taiga has a long cold winter, the monsoon region a dry season and the Mediterranean region a dry summer, so each of those has a break in growth. The answer is D. The statement describes the rainy tropics, whose climate is hot and wet in all months, so plants flower, fruit and drop leaves at different times of the year and the forest remains green.

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