Sometimes we went off the road and on a path through the pine forest. The floor of the forest was soft to walk on; the frost did not harden it as it did the road. But we did not mind the hardness of the road because we had nails in the soles and heels; the nails bit on the frozen ruts and with nailed boots it was good walking on the road and invigorating. It was lovely walking in the woods.
We found great joy on account of
Answer: D
Correct answer: walking on frost with nailed boots on
The passage says the nails bit on the frozen ruts and that with nailed boots it was good walking on the road and invigorating. The pleasure comes from the combination: the boots alone or the frost alone would not produce it.
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Sometimes we walked through the pine forest as
Answer: A
Correct answer: the path was unaffected by the frost
The forest is contrasted with the road precisely on this point: its floor was soft because the frost had not hardened it. The enjoyment of the woods is mentioned, but as a consequence of that softness rather than as the reason for taking the path.
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Modern economics does not differentiate between renewable and non-renewable materials, as its method is to measure everything by means of a money price. Thus, taking various alternative fuels, like coal, oil, wood or water power: the only difference between them recognised by modern economics is relative cost per equivalent unit. The cheapest is automatically the one to be preferred, as to do otherwise would be irrational and 'uneconomic'. From a Buddhist point of view of course this will not do, the essential difference between non-renewable fuels like coal and oil on the one hand and renewable fuels like wood and water power on the other cannot be simply overlooked. Non-renewable goods must be used only if they are indispensable, and then only with the greatest care and the highest concern for conservation. To use them carelessly or extravagantly is an act of violence, and while complete non-violence may not be possible on earth, it is nonetheless the duty of man to aim at deal of non-violence in all he does.
Which of the following statements may be assumed to be false from the information in the passage?
1.The writer finds the attitude of modern economists towards natural resources to be uneconomic.
2.Buddhist economists are in different to the cost of fuels
3.To use oil on non-essentials is contrary to the Buddhist economic philosophy
4.To fell a tree is an act of violence not permitted by Buddhist economists
Of the above statements
Answer: B
Correct answer: 1, 2 and 4 are false
Statement 1 is false because it is the Buddhist, not the writer's modern economist, who would call careless use uneconomic; the modern economist calls it economic. Statement 2 is false because Buddhist economics does not ignore cost, it simply refuses to let cost be the only measure. Statement 4 is false because wood is named as a renewable fuel that may properly be used. Only statement 3 holds: using oil on non-essentials is exactly what the passage forbids.
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According to the passage, Buddhist economists are not in favour of
Answer: B
Correct answer: using non-renewable sources
The passage says non-renewable goods must be used only if they are indispensable, and then only with the greatest care. That is a restriction on non-renewables specifically, not a rejection of money, of development, or of measuring anything at all.
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In this passage the author is trying to
Answer: D
Correct answer: differentiate between two economic philosophies
The passage is built as a comparison: first what modern economics does with fuels, then what a Buddhist point of view requires instead. The distinction between renewable and non-renewable materials and the concern for conservation are the substance of the second philosophy, not the purpose of the passage.
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Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pair of phrases:
The passage suggests that while a modern economist, considers it uneconomic to use ...... form of fuel, a Buddhist economist considers it uneconomic to use ...... form a fuel
Answer: C
Correct answer: an expensive, a non-renewable
For the modern economist the only measure is cost, so the uneconomic fuel is simply the dearer one. For the Buddhist economist the measure is whether the fuel can be replaced, so the uneconomic fuel is the non-renewable one, however cheap. The pair has to keep that contrast in the right order.
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The Buddhist economist's attitude implies that fuels like coal and oil must be used only if
Answer: D
Correct answer: there is no alternative fuel available
The passage says such fuels must be used only if they are indispensable, and indispensable means that nothing else will serve. Plentiful supply is beside the point, since the objection is to exhausting a stock rather than to scarcity, and relative cost is the measure the Buddhist view sets aside.
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The greatest thing this age can be proud of is the birth of man in the consciousness of men. In his drunken orgies of power and national pride man may flout and jeer at it. when organised national selfishness, racial antipathy and commercial self seeking begin to display their ugly deformities in all their nakedness, then comes the time for man to know that his salvation is not in political organisations and extended trade relations, not in any mechanical re-arrangement of the social system but in a deeper transformation of life, in the liberation of consciousness in love, in the realisation of God in man.
In this passage, the phrase "God in man" implies
Answer: D
Correct answer: the divine qualities in man
The passage ends by locating salvation in a deeper transformation of life, in the liberation of consciousness in love, in the realisation of God in man. The phrase belongs to that list of inward changes, so it means recognising the divine already present in human beings rather than any literal incarnation or transformation.
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The author uses the expression 'ugly deformities' to show his indignation at
Answer: C
Correct answer: selfishness and materialism of the people
The deformities are named in the same sentence: organised national selfishness, racial antipathy and commercial self seeking. Two of the three are forms of selfishness and the third is greed for gain, which is what makes this the answer; political organisations appear later as something salvation is not found in.
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According to the author, "salvation" of human beings lies in the
Answer: B
Correct answer: spiritual transformation of life
The passage rules out three alternatives and then names the answer: salvation lies not in political organisations and extended trade relations, not in any mechanical re-arrangement of the social system but in a deeper transformation of life. The three rejected options are exactly the ones the sentence dismisses.
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