Database Processing for BIS Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is not a component of a data warehouse?

Correct answer: Data metadataThe components of a data warehouse are the extraction, cleaning and preparation programs, the warehouse DBMS, the warehouse data itself, and the warehouse metadata that describes it. “Data metadata” is not a term in that list - the metadata is the warehouse’s metadata, describing where the data came from, what it means and how current it is.

Q: Business Intelligence (BI) reporting analyses can be performed using ________ .

Correct answer: both standard SQL and extensions to SQLMuch reporting is straightforward SQL - selecting, filtering, grouping and aggregating - and RFM analysis, for instance, can be done entirely that way. But OLAP reporting needs the analytical extensions that support cubes, rollups and drill-down, which standard SQL does not provide. Reporting therefore uses both, which is why products offer the extensions at all.

Q: We have been given access to the company's operational data, and have been asked to produce a report. We discover that some of the data we need are in an SQL server database while other needed data are in a separate Oracle database. This is an example of ________ .

Correct answer: non-integrated dataNon-integrated data is data that must be brought together from separate sources before it can be used - here two different DBMS products holding different parts of what one report needs. It is a structural problem, distinct from dirty data, which is wrong; inconsistent data, which disagrees between sources; and format problems, which concern how a value is written.

Q: The reports generated by a reporting system are usually not delivered in which of the following media?

Correct answer: Commercial courier serviceReports are delivered electronically: to a web portal, to a digital dashboard, by e-mail, or through XML web services. A courier delivers physical objects, and a system whose value lies in timeliness would be undone by physical delivery. The delivery mode is part of the report’s design, and it is chosen to reach the right people quickly.

Q: Data mining applications are used accomplish which of the following tasks?

Correct answer: Do what-if analysis onlyData mining applies statistical and mathematical techniques to make predictions and support what-if analysis. RFM belongs to reporting, since it uses only sorting, grouping and simple arithmetic, and transaction processing belongs to operational systems. The boundary between reporting and data mining is drawn exactly at the sophistication of the technique.

Q: Which of the following is an unsupervised data mining technique?

Correct answer: Cluster analysis onlyUnsupervised techniques are applied without a hypothesis or a target variable: the analyst looks for patterns and then constructs an explanation for whatever emerges. Cluster analysis is the type example. Regression is supervised, since a model is specified in advance and fitted, and RFM is a reporting technique rather than data mining at all.

Q: In OLAP, we are interested in ________ .

Correct answer: measures and dimensionsAn OLAP report is built from measures - the quantities being summed or averaged, such as sales - arranged against dimensions, the attributes by which they are broken down, such as product, region and time. Levels exist within a dimension, allowing drill-down, but the two things the report is made of are measures and dimensions.

Q: Which of the following is not a reason that operational data are difficult to read?

Correct answer: Non-duplicated dataDuplicated data is a problem; non-duplicated data is what you want. The genuine difficulties with operational data are that it is dirty, that values are missing, that it is not integrated across sources, that there is too much of it, and that it may be in the wrong format or of inconsistent granularity.

Q: We have Market Basket data for 1,000 rental transactions at a Video Store. There are four videos for rent -- Video A, Video B, Video C and Video D. The probability that Video D will be rented given that Video C has been rented is known as ________ .

Correct answer: confidenceConfidence is the conditional probability of one item given another - the probability that Video D is rented given that Video C has been. Support is the unconditional probability of the pair occurring together, and lift is the ratio of confidence to the base rate of D, which shows whether C actually makes D more likely.

Q: One popular classification technique in Business Intelligence (BI) reporting is ________ .

Correct answer: RFM analysis onlyRFM classifies customers into groups from their purchasing behaviour using nothing more than sorting and simple arithmetic, which places it firmly in reporting. Cluster analysis and regression are data mining techniques, requiring statistical machinery that a reporting system does not provide - the distinction the whole chapter turns on.

11.

Which of the following is not a component of a data warehouse?

A.Data extraction/cleaning/preparation programs
B.Data warehouse data
C.Data metadata
D.None of the above are data warehouse components.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Data metadata

The components of a data warehouse are the extraction, cleaning and preparation programs, the warehouse DBMS, the warehouse data itself, and the warehouse metadata that describes it. “Data metadata” is not a term in that list - the metadata is the warehouse’s metadata, describing where the data came from, what it means and how current it is.

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12.

Business Intelligence (BI) reporting analyses can be performed using ________ .

A.standard SQL only
B.extensions to SQL only
C.OLAP only
D.both standard SQL and extensions to SQL

Answer: A

Correct answer: both standard SQL and extensions to SQL

Much reporting is straightforward SQL - selecting, filtering, grouping and aggregating - and RFM analysis, for instance, can be done entirely that way. But OLAP reporting needs the analytical extensions that support cubes, rollups and drill-down, which standard SQL does not provide. Reporting therefore uses both, which is why products offer the extensions at all.

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13.

We have been given access to the company's operational data, and have been asked to produce a report. We discover that some of the data we need are in an SQL server database while other needed data are in a separate Oracle database. This is an example of ________ .

A.dirty data
B.inconsistent data
C.non-integrated data
D.a "wrong format" problem

Answer: C

Correct answer: non-integrated data

Non-integrated data is data that must be brought together from separate sources before it can be used - here two different DBMS products holding different parts of what one report needs. It is a structural problem, distinct from dirty data, which is wrong; inconsistent data, which disagrees between sources; and format problems, which concern how a value is written.

Discuss in Forum

14.

The reports generated by a reporting system are usually not delivered in which of the following media?

A.Web portal
B.Commercial courier service
C.Digital dashboard
D.E-Mail

Answer: B

Correct answer: Commercial courier service

Reports are delivered electronically: to a web portal, to a digital dashboard, by e-mail, or through XML web services. A courier delivers physical objects, and a system whose value lies in timeliness would be undone by physical delivery. The delivery mode is part of the report’s design, and it is chosen to reach the right people quickly.

Discuss in Forum

15.

Data mining applications are used accomplish which of the following tasks?

A.Process transactions only
B.Do RFM analysis only
C.Do what-if analysis only
D.Do both RFM and what-if analysis

Answer: C

Correct answer: Do what-if analysis only

Data mining applies statistical and mathematical techniques to make predictions and support what-if analysis. RFM belongs to reporting, since it uses only sorting, grouping and simple arithmetic, and transaction processing belongs to operational systems. The boundary between reporting and data mining is drawn exactly at the sophistication of the technique.

Discuss in Forum

16.

Which of the following is an unsupervised data mining technique?

A.Cluster analysis only
B.Regression Analysis only
C.RFM Analysis only
D.Both Regression Analysis and RFM Analysis

Answer: A

Correct answer: Cluster analysis only

Unsupervised techniques are applied without a hypothesis or a target variable: the analyst looks for patterns and then constructs an explanation for whatever emerges. Cluster analysis is the type example. Regression is supervised, since a model is specified in advance and fitted, and RFM is a reporting technique rather than data mining at all.

Discuss in Forum

17.

In OLAP, we are interested in ________ .

A.levels only
B.dimensions only
C.measures only
D.measures and dimensions

Answer: D

Correct answer: measures and dimensions

An OLAP report is built from measures - the quantities being summed or averaged, such as sales - arranged against dimensions, the attributes by which they are broken down, such as product, region and time. Levels exist within a dimension, allowing drill-down, but the two things the report is made of are measures and dimensions.

Discuss in Forum

18.

Which of the following is not a reason that operational data are difficult to read?

A.Non-duplicated data
B.Dirty data
C.Missing values
D.Non-integrated data

Answer: A

Correct answer: Non-duplicated data

Duplicated data is a problem; non-duplicated data is what you want. The genuine difficulties with operational data are that it is dirty, that values are missing, that it is not integrated across sources, that there is too much of it, and that it may be in the wrong format or of inconsistent granularity.

Discuss in Forum

19.

We have Market Basket data for 1,000 rental transactions at a Video Store. There are four videos for rent -- Video A, Video B, Video C and Video D. The probability that Video D will be rented given that Video C has been rented is known as ________ .

A.the basic probability
B.support
C.lift
D.confidence

Answer: D

Correct answer: confidence

Confidence is the conditional probability of one item given another - the probability that Video D is rented given that Video C has been. Support is the unconditional probability of the pair occurring together, and lift is the ratio of confidence to the base rate of D, which shows whether C actually makes D more likely.

Discuss in Forum

20.

One popular classification technique in Business Intelligence (BI) reporting is ________ .

A.cluster analysis only
B.regression analysis only
C.RFM analysis only
D.both cluster analysis and regression analysis

Answer: C

Correct answer: RFM analysis only

RFM classifies customers into groups from their purchasing behaviour using nothing more than sorting and simple arithmetic, which places it firmly in reporting. Cluster analysis and regression are data mining techniques, requiring statistical machinery that a reporting system does not provide - the distinction the whole chapter turns on.

Discuss in Forum

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