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Educational Studies Questions and Answers

171.

'Alienation' as a widespread social problem was first highlighted by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Alienation as a widespread social problem was first highlighted by Marxism, which described the worker as alienated from the product of labour, from other people and from himself in capitalist production. This is the third option.

Idealism, pragmatism and realism are philosophies of education with other concerns, and none of them is known for bringing out alienation as a social problem.

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172.

What is the subject matter of Educational Sociology ?

I. Social Processes and Social Change
II. Social Behaviour and Social Control
III. Social Institutions and Social Problems
IV. Legislature, Executive and Judiciary
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The subject matter of educational sociology is social processes and social change, social behaviour and social control, and social institutions and social problems, so the code is I, II and III. This is the first option.

Item IV, the legislature, executive and judiciary, belongs to political science and constitutional studies. Every other option includes it and is therefore wrong.

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173.

What does the term 'Socialization" refer to ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Socialization is the process of interaction among members of society through which the individual learns and takes on its values and norms. This is the second option.

Participating in social service is an activity within society, the mass media instruction option describes propaganda, and advising people on bringing up children is parenting guidance. None of them defines socialization.

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174.

'Hinayana' is the name of which School of Buddhism ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Hinayana is the name used for the Theravada school of Buddhism, the first option. The word means the Lesser Vehicle and was given by the Mahayana followers to the older school.

Vajrayana, Tantric and Esoteric Buddhism are later developments within the Mahayana tradition and are not names for the Hinayana school. The Mahayana, or Greater Vehicle, school grew later and stressed the ideal of the bodhisattva, while the Theravada keeps the older monastic discipline.

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175.

'Coherence' is the criterion of truth is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Coherence as the criterion of truth is held by Idealism, the second option. A statement is true if it fits consistently into the whole system of ideas.

Existentialism treats truth as personal, Marxism looks for it in practice and Naturalism in nature and observation. Those schools do not take coherence as their test of truth. In coherence theory a proposition is true when it agrees with the rest of an accepted system of ideas, which is why it fits the idealist view of reality.

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176.

'Metaphysics' means

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Metaphysics means exploring the nature of ultimate reality: what exists, what the self, God and the world are. This is the second option.

It is not a branch of physics, although the word comes from the Greek for "after physics". The options naming physics of metals and physics of weather are made from the word and do not describe the subject. The branch deals with questions of being, such as what is real and whether there is a first cause, and is often paired with epistemology and axiology.

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177.

The ultimate goal of education in Jainism is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The ultimate goal of education in Jainism is liberation (moksha), the release of the soul from the cycle of birth and death. This is the third option.

Non-violence is the basic principle of conduct, renunciation is a means and philanthropy is a social virtue. These support the aim but are not the final goal that Jain education seeks. This aim links Jain education with the Jain view that the soul is pure and is bound only by karma, so the aim is to free it.

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178.

Which of the following are essentially required on the part of the teacher for developing intercultural understanding in children ?

I. Possession of knowledge of various cultures and subcultures.
II. Being progressive and open-minded
III. Being pious and religious
IV. Classroom communication skills
Choose the correct answers from the given options.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Developing intercultural understanding in children needs a teacher who has knowledge of various cultures and subcultures (I) and the classroom communication skills (IV) to use it. This is the code IV and I, the last option.

Being progressive and open-minded is helpful but is not required in the same essential way. Being pious and religious has no direct bearing on understanding other cultures and may narrow outlook.

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179.

What is the striking contrast between "acclimatization" and "naturalization" ?

I. Acclimatization is adjusting to the external environment.
II. Acclimatization is changing the room temperature and air circulation using appliances.
III. Naturalization is change of attitude as required by the new context.
IV. Acclimatization is external and Naturalization is internal.
Choose the correct answers from the given options.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Acclimatization is adjusting to the external environment (I), naturalization is a change of attitude required by the new context (III), and so acclimatization is external while naturalization is internal (IV). That is the code III, IV and I, the third option.

Statement II, about changing room temperature with appliances, is not the biological sense of acclimatization, so options carrying II are wrong.

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180.

Which of the following thinkers said 'Literacy itself is not education, literacy is only a means to education' ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The statement that literacy itself is not education but only a means to education is attributed in the key to Mahatma Gandhi, the last option. He held that education means the drawing out of the best in body, mind and spirit.

J. Krishnamurti, Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo wrote about education in their own ways, but this line is credited to Gandhi. The idea that reading and writing are tools and not the aim of education is common to many thinkers, but the key credits this wording to Gandhi.

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