Match List-I (Treaty) with List-II (Year) and choose the correct code :List-I (Treaty)List-II (Year)(a) Treaty of Westphalia(1) 1713(b) Treaty of Utrecht(2) 1814(c) Treaty of Paris(3) 1919(d) Peace Treaty of Versailles(4) 1648

The correct match is a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3.The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years' War and is taken as the origin of the modern sovereign state system.The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended the War of the Spanish Succession.The (first) Treaty of Paris of 1814 followed Napoleon's first abdication.The Treaty of Versailles (1919) ended the First World War with Germany.Option D swaps Utrecht and Paris, and the other two options misplace Westphalia or every treaty.

List-I below gives some Models/Theories of Conflict Resolution and List-II gives the author of the Model/Theory. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List-I (Models/Theories in Conflict Resolution)List-II (Authors)(i) Conflict Prevention(a) Ted Robert Gurr(ii) Four Worlds Model(b) John Galtung(iii) Relative Deprivation(c) John Burton(iv) Conflict Transformation(d) Dennis Sandole

The correct match is i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b.Conflict prevention (or 'provention') is associated with John Burton, the pioneer of problem-solving conflict resolution.The Four Worlds Model is Dennis Sandole's framework.Relative deprivation is Ted Robert Gurr's explanation in Why Men Rebel (1970).Conflict transformation is associated with Johan Galtung (printed 'John Galtung').Gurr with relative deprivation and Galtung with transformation settle it: only option B has both iii-a and iv-b.

International Relations Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following was the latest member of the group of advanced industrialized nations transforming G-7 to G-8 ?

The country that turned the G-7 into the G-8 was Russia.The G-7 of advanced industrialised democracies consisted of the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Canada. Russia was drawn into its meetings in the 1990s and became a full member at the Birmingham summit of 1998, creating the G-8. It was suspended in 2014 after its annexation of Crimea, and the group reverted to the G-7.The UK and France were founding members of the original group in 1975, and Canada joined in 1976 to make the G-7, so none of them was the addition that formed the G-8.

Q: When the 'Uniting for Peace' resolution was adopted by the UN General Assembly ?

The 'Uniting for Peace' resolution was adopted in 1950.Resolution 377 (V) was passed by the UN General Assembly on 3 November 1950, during the Korean War, after Soviet vetoes had blocked the Security Council. It provides that if the Council, for lack of unanimity among the permanent members, fails to act on a threat to peace, the General Assembly may consider the matter at once and recommend collective measures, meeting in emergency special session within 24 hours if necessary.1951, 1952 and 1961 are not the year of its adoption, though it was later invoked several times, for example in the Suez crisis of 1956.

Q: Arrange the following events related to global environment in correct chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :(i) Doha Conference(ii) Paris Agreement(iii) Kyoto Protocol(iv) Earth Summit

The chronological order is (iv), (iii), (i), (ii).Earth Summit: the UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992.Kyoto Protocol: adopted in 1997, setting binding emission targets for developed countries.Doha Conference: COP 18 in 2012, which adopted the Doha Amendment extending Kyoto to a second commitment period.Paris Agreement: adopted at COP 21 in December 2015.The other options put Doha or Kyoto before the Earth Summit, or Paris first, which reverses the timeline.

Q: The Global Competitiveness Report is prepared by :

The Global Competitiveness Report is prepared by the World Economic Forum.The Geneva-based World Economic Forum has published the report since 1979. It ranks countries by a Global Competitiveness Index built from pillars such as institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, health, skills, markets and innovation.The World Bank publishes reports such as the World Development Report, the IMF the World Economic Outlook, and the Asian Development Bank the Asian Development Outlook; none of them publishes the Global Competitiveness Report.

Q: According to the UNDP's Human Development Report of 1994, which one of the following is incorrectly stated as an issue falls within the scope of human security.

The pair wrongly listed is Political security, Energy security, because energy security is not one of the report's categories.The UNDP's Human Development Report 1994 introduced the idea of human security, 'freedom from fear and freedom from want', and listed seven components: economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community and political security.Options A, B and C each name two of those seven. Option D pairs political security, which is on the list, with energy security, which is not, so it is the incorrectly stated issue.

Q: What is the ultimate goal of state according to the offensive realism propounded by Mearsheimer ?

For offensive realism the ultimate goal of the state is hegemony.John Mearsheimer, in The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001), argues that in an anarchic system no state can be sure of others' intentions, so great powers seek to maximise their relative power, and the best guarantee of survival is to become the hegemon, in practice the regional hegemon.Power is the means rather than the final goal in his account, which is what separates offensive realism from Morgenthau's classical realism. Authority belongs to hierarchical domestic politics, not anarchy, and peace is not the state's goal in a realist account.

Q: Who was/is the UN Secretary General took the initiative to conflict prevention and move the UN from a culture of reactions to a culture of prevention ?

It was Kofi Annan.In his 2001 report on the prevention of armed conflict, Secretary-General Kofi Annan called for moving the United Nations 'from a culture of reaction to a culture of prevention', and made conflict prevention a central theme of his term (1997-2006).Boutros Boutros-Ghali's An Agenda for Peace (1992) set out preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping, but the 'culture of prevention' formulation is Annan's. Ban Ki-moon succeeded Annan, and Kurt Waldheim served in the 1970s.

Q: Find the wrongly mentioned member of the Chicago-Michigan tradition of system theory in international relations :

The wrongly included name is Harold Laski.The systems approach to international relations was developed in the 1950s and 1960s by scholars associated with the universities of Chicago and Michigan: Morton Kaplan (System and Process in International Politics, 1957), J. David Singer (the Correlates of War project) and Anatol Rapoport (game and conflict theory).Harold Laski was a British political theorist of pluralism and democratic socialism at the London School of Economics, and had nothing to do with systems theory of international relations.

11.

Which of the following was the latest member of the group of advanced industrialized nations transforming G-7 to G-8 ?

A.UK
B.France
C.Canada
D.Russia

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2018,

Answer: D

The country that turned the G-7 into the G-8 was Russia.

The G-7 of advanced industrialised democracies consisted of the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Canada. Russia was drawn into its meetings in the 1990s and became a full member at the Birmingham summit of 1998, creating the G-8. It was suspended in 2014 after its annexation of Crimea, and the group reverted to the G-7.

The UK and France were founding members of the original group in 1975, and Canada joined in 1976 to make the G-7, so none of them was the addition that formed the G-8.

Discuss in Forum

12.

Match List-I (Treaty) with List-II (Year) and choose the correct code :

List-I (Treaty)	List-II (Year)
(a) Treaty of Westphalia	(1) 1713
(b) Treaty of Utrecht	(2) 1814
(c) Treaty of Paris	(3) 1919
(d) Peace Treaty of Versailles	(4) 1648

A.a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
B.a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1
C.a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
D.a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The correct match is a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years' War and is taken as the origin of the modern sovereign state system.
The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended the War of the Spanish Succession.
The (first) Treaty of Paris of 1814 followed Napoleon's first abdication.
The Treaty of Versailles (1919) ended the First World War with Germany.

Option D swaps Utrecht and Paris, and the other two options misplace Westphalia or every treaty.

Discuss in Forum

13.

When the 'Uniting for Peace' resolution was adopted by the UN General Assembly ?

A.1961
B.1951
C.1950
D.1952

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The 'Uniting for Peace' resolution was adopted in 1950.

Resolution 377 (V) was passed by the UN General Assembly on 3 November 1950, during the Korean War, after Soviet vetoes had blocked the Security Council. It provides that if the Council, for lack of unanimity among the permanent members, fails to act on a threat to peace, the General Assembly may consider the matter at once and recommend collective measures, meeting in emergency special session within 24 hours if necessary.

1951, 1952 and 1961 are not the year of its adoption, though it was later invoked several times, for example in the Suez crisis of 1956.

Discuss in Forum

14.

List-I below gives some Models/Theories of Conflict Resolution and List-II gives the author of the Model/Theory. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-I (Models/Theories in Conflict Resolution)	List-II (Authors)
(i) Conflict Prevention	(a) Ted Robert Gurr
(ii) Four Worlds Model	(b) John Galtung
(iii) Relative Deprivation	(c) John Burton
(iv) Conflict Transformation	(d) Dennis Sandole

A.i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-c
B.i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b
C.i-d, ii-a, iii-b, iv-c
D.i-c, ii-a, iii-d, iv-b

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The correct match is i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b.

Conflict prevention (or 'provention') is associated with John Burton, the pioneer of problem-solving conflict resolution.
The Four Worlds Model is Dennis Sandole's framework.
Relative deprivation is Ted Robert Gurr's explanation in Why Men Rebel (1970).
Conflict transformation is associated with Johan Galtung (printed 'John Galtung').

Gurr with relative deprivation and Galtung with transformation settle it: only option B has both iii-a and iv-b.

Discuss in Forum

15.

Arrange the following events related to global environment in correct chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :

(i) Doha Conference
(ii) Paris Agreement
(iii) Kyoto Protocol
(iv) Earth Summit

A.(i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
B.(iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
C.(iii), (iv), (i), (ii)
D.(ii), (i), (iv), (iii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The chronological order is (iv), (iii), (i), (ii).

Earth Summit: the UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992.
Kyoto Protocol: adopted in 1997, setting binding emission targets for developed countries.
Doha Conference: COP 18 in 2012, which adopted the Doha Amendment extending Kyoto to a second commitment period.
Paris Agreement: adopted at COP 21 in December 2015.

The other options put Doha or Kyoto before the Earth Summit, or Paris first, which reverses the timeline.

Discuss in Forum

16.

The Global Competitiveness Report is prepared by :

A.World Economic Forum
B.World Bank
C.IMF
D.Asian Development Bank

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The Global Competitiveness Report is prepared by the World Economic Forum.

The Geneva-based World Economic Forum has published the report since 1979. It ranks countries by a Global Competitiveness Index built from pillars such as institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, health, skills, markets and innovation.

The World Bank publishes reports such as the World Development Report, the IMF the World Economic Outlook, and the Asian Development Bank the Asian Development Outlook; none of them publishes the Global Competitiveness Report.

Discuss in Forum

17.

According to the UNDP's Human Development Report of 1994, which one of the following is incorrectly stated as an issue falls within the scope of human security.

A.Economic security, Food security
B.Health security, Environmental security
C.Personal security, Community security
D.Political security, Energy security

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

The pair wrongly listed is Political security, Energy security, because energy security is not one of the report's categories.

The UNDP's Human Development Report 1994 introduced the idea of human security, 'freedom from fear and freedom from want', and listed seven components: economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community and political security.

Options A, B and C each name two of those seven. Option D pairs political security, which is on the list, with energy security, which is not, so it is the incorrectly stated issue.

Discuss in Forum

18.

What is the ultimate goal of state according to the offensive realism propounded by Mearsheimer ?

A.Power
B.Hegemony
C.Authority
D.Peace

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

For offensive realism the ultimate goal of the state is hegemony.

John Mearsheimer, in The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001), argues that in an anarchic system no state can be sure of others' intentions, so great powers seek to maximise their relative power, and the best guarantee of survival is to become the hegemon, in practice the regional hegemon.

Power is the means rather than the final goal in his account, which is what separates offensive realism from Morgenthau's classical realism. Authority belongs to hierarchical domestic politics, not anarchy, and peace is not the state's goal in a realist account.

Discuss in Forum

19.

Who was/is the UN Secretary General took the initiative to conflict prevention and move the UN from a culture of reactions to a culture of prevention ?

A.Ban Ki Moon
B.Butros Butros Ghali
C.Kofi Annan
D.Kurt Waldheim

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

It was Kofi Annan.

In his 2001 report on the prevention of armed conflict, Secretary-General Kofi Annan called for moving the United Nations 'from a culture of reaction to a culture of prevention', and made conflict prevention a central theme of his term (1997-2006).

Boutros Boutros-Ghali's An Agenda for Peace (1992) set out preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping, but the 'culture of prevention' formulation is Annan's. Ban Ki-moon succeeded Annan, and Kurt Waldheim served in the 1970s.

Discuss in Forum

20.

Find the wrongly mentioned member of the Chicago-Michigan tradition of system theory in international relations :

A.Harold Laski
B.Anatoli Raport
C.David Singer
D.Morton Kaplan

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The wrongly included name is Harold Laski.

The systems approach to international relations was developed in the 1950s and 1960s by scholars associated with the universities of Chicago and Michigan: Morton Kaplan (System and Process in International Politics, 1957), J. David Singer (the Correlates of War project) and Anatol Rapoport (game and conflict theory).

Harold Laski was a British political theorist of pluralism and democratic socialism at the London School of Economics, and had nothing to do with systems theory of international relations.

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