State, Politics and Development Questions and Answers

Q: In defining nationalism A.R. Desai is influenced by

In defining nationalism A.R. Desai was influenced by E.H. Carr, as the key records.Carr, the British historian, wrote Nationalism and After (1945) and treated nationalism as a product of historical stages tied to the changing economic and political order. Desai likewise explained Indian nationalism as the outcome of material changes under colonial rule, in his Social Background of Indian Nationalism.Lipset is a political sociologist known for work on democracy, Weber for ideal types and authority, and Althusser for structural Marxism, so the key does not name them. This item rests on the official key.

101.

The State moderates between different groups ensuring that all of them have some influence on public policy, is best manifested in

A.Socialist democracy
B.Republic democracy
C.Pluralist democracy
D.Traditional democracy

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The description fits pluralist democracy. In the pluralist view the state is a mediator among many competing groups, none of which controls it, and the state sees that all of them have some say in public policy.

Socialist democracy centres on the state acting for the working class, republic democracy on a constitutional government without monarchy, and traditional democracy on rule by customary authority, so none of them is mainly the moderator among groups. Writers such as Robert Dahl are linked with this view, in which power is spread among competing interest groups.

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102.

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I (Authors)	List - II (Terms)
a. V. Pareto	i. The Ruling Class
b. G. Mosca	ii. The Nongoverning Elite
c. R. Mitchell	iii. The Iron law of Oligarchy
d. S. Lukes	iv. The Three Dimensional View

Codes : a b c d

A.ii iii iv i
B.ii i iii iv
C.ii iii i iv
D.ii iv i iii

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The correct match is a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv. Pareto wrote of the governing and the non-governing elite. Mosca wrote of the ruling class. The iron law of oligarchy is associated with Robert Michels (printed here as R. Mitchell), and Steven Lukes put forward the three dimensional view of power.

The options that give Mosca the non-governing elite or Lukes the iron law reverse these terms.

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103.

Assertion (A) : Displacement is one of the indicators of development.

Reason (R) : Displacement brings hardship, miseries and other problems to the people. Choose the right code :
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The assertion is false and the reason is true, so the answer is D. Displacement of people from their land and homes is a cost of development projects and not an indicator that development is taking place. Indicators are such things as income, health and literacy.

The reason, that displacement brings hardship and misery, is true, so options A and B, which accept the assertion, are wrong. Option C says the assertion is true and the reason false, which reverses the actual position.

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104.

According to A.R. Desai, the second phase of the development of nationalism (from 1885 to 1905) is characterized by

A.the development of industry.
B.the influence of socialism.
C.the participation of peasants.
D.the home rule.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The key is option C, the participation of peasants. This question depends on A.R. Desai's division of the growth of Indian nationalism into phases, and the key assigns this feature to the phase from 1885 to 1905.

The home rule movement belongs to 1916 and later, so option D does not fit a phase ending in 1905. The influence of socialism came after the Russian Revolution of 1917, so B does not fit either. The development of industry is a background factor and not the feature of that phase, which leaves C as the answer the key gives.

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105.

A.R. Desai has pointed out many factors of the rise of Indian Nationalism. Identify the correct set of the factors :

(i) Agricultural and Industrial policies by the Britishers.
(ii) Means of Communication
(iii) National Reform Movements
(iv) Print Media
(v) Modern Secular Education
(vi) Electronic Media
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
Codes :

A.(i), (ii), (iii) & (vi)
B.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) & (v)
C.(i), (iii), (iv) & (vi)
D.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) & (vi)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Desai's factors in the rise of Indian nationalism are the British agricultural and industrial policies, means of communication, national reform movements, the print media and modern secular education. That is the set in option B.

Electronic media, item (vi), did not exist in the period he describes, so every option that includes it, A, C and D, is wrong. Option B omits it and includes the five genuine factors.

Desai's account is a materialist explanation, so he gives weight to economic, educational and communication changes created under British rule.

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106.

The human development perspective of development recognizes economic growth as

A.an end in itself.
B.a means to ensure economic prosperity
C.a means to ensure educational, health, employment of largest segments of population.
D.a means to manage human relations in multinational corporate bodies.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The human development perspective treats economic growth as a means to ensure education, health and employment for the largest segments of the population, which is option C. People, not income, are the end of development.

It does not treat growth as an end in itself, which is option A. Securing economic prosperity in B is too narrow and does not name the human goals, and managing human relations in corporations in D is unrelated to the perspective.

This is the central difference between the human development approach and the older view that equated development with a rise in national income.

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107.

Which one of the following is not a part of Gandhian path of development ?

A.Social Trusteeship
B.Non-violence
C.Cooperative conflict
D.Constructive work

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Cooperative conflict is not part of the Gandhian path of development, which is option C. The Gandhian approach is built on social trusteeship, non-violence and constructive work in villages.

Options A, B and D are all central to it, so they are ruled out. Cooperative conflict is a term from other literature on bargaining within households and does not belong to Gandhi's scheme of development.

Gandhi's own writings stress trusteeship of wealth, non-violent action and constructive programmes such as spinning and village industries.

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108.

Who among the following agencies asserted that 'If development is not engendered, it is endangered' ?

A.UNDP
B.World Bank
C.IMF
D.WTO

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The statement that if development is not engendered, it is endangered was made by the UNDP, which is option A. It comes from the Human Development Report of 1995, which was devoted to gender and human development.

The World Bank, IMF and WTO are economic and trade institutions and are not the source of this slogan, so options B, C and D are wrong.

The report argued that development that ignores gender inequality harms both women and the progress of society as a whole.

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109.

Which of the following are indicators of regional inequalities ?

(i) Natural Resources
(ii) Skilled Manpower
(iii) Size of population
(iv) Political Party in power Choose the combination for correct answer :

A.(i), (ii) and (iv)
B.(i), (ii), and (iii)
C.(ii), (iii) and (iv)
D.(iii), (iv) and (ii)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Natural resources, skilled manpower and the size of population are indicators of regional inequalities, which is option B, items (i), (ii) and (iii).

The political party in power is not treated as an indicator of regional inequality, so every option that includes item (iv), A, C and D, is wrong.

Regional inequality is explained by differences in resources, human capital and demographic features rather than which party governs.

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110.

In defining nationalism A.R. Desai is influenced by

A.S.M. Lipset
B.E.H. Carr
C.M. Weber
D.L. Althussar

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

In defining nationalism A.R. Desai was influenced by E.H. Carr, as the key records.

Carr, the British historian, wrote Nationalism and After (1945) and treated nationalism as a product of historical stages tied to the changing economic and political order. Desai likewise explained Indian nationalism as the outcome of material changes under colonial rule, in his Social Background of Indian Nationalism.

Lipset is a political sociologist known for work on democracy, Weber for ideal types and authority, and Althusser for structural Marxism, so the key does not name them. This item rests on the official key.

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