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State, Politics and Development Questions and Answers

81.

Assertion (A) : The concept of 'secularization' as used in Indian Constitution implies that State does not provide patronage to any religion.

Reason (R) : Religion does not hold significance in modern society.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The assertion is true: secularism in the Indian Constitution means that the State does not give patronage to any one religion and treats all alike. The reason is false, because religion remains significant in modern society, and so it is not an explanation of the assertion.

So the code is 'A true, R false and R not the explanation', option C. Option A makes (R) the explanation, option B reverses the truth of the two, and option D calls both true.

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82.

Match an item in List-I with an item in

List-II.

List - I (Books)List - II (Thinkers)
a. Modernisation of Indian Tradition1. Y. Singh
b. When a great Tradition Modernises2. M. Singer
c. Caste in Modern India3. M.N. Srinivas
d. Caste, Class and Power4. Andre Betille

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The correct matches are a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4. 'Modernisation of Indian Tradition' is by Yogendra Singh, 'When a Great Tradition Modernises' by Milton Singer, 'Caste in Modern India' by M.N. Srinivas, and 'Caste, Class and Power' by Andre Beteille. The code is 1 2 3 4, option A.

The other codes reverse or mix up the authors, for example giving the Srinivas title to Singer, so they are wrong.

Singer's book on the great tradition, Srinivas's on the changes in caste, Beteille's on the class and power in a Tanjore village and Singh's on the effect of modernity are the usual texts in the course on Indian society.

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83.

Who has stated that in India, direction of change is represented in a linear evolutionary form from 'traditionalization' towards 'modernization' ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Yogendra Singh stated that in India the direction of change is represented in a linear evolutionary form from 'traditionalisation' towards 'modernisation' in his work on the modernisation of Indian tradition.

M.N. Srinivas used sanskritisation and westernisation, S.C. Dube wrote on village change, and Milton Singer on the great tradition, so options A, B and C are not the source of this statement.

Singh set this view against the pattern of modernisation in the West, and tried to show how in India the tradition and modernity act on each other.

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84.

Assertion (A) : The purpose of privatization of Education was to improve the quality of Education.

Reason (R) : Privatization of education has resulted into Mushroom growth of Educational Institution.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but (R) is not the explanation. The purpose of the privatisation of education was to improve its quality, and it has also resulted in a mushroom growth of educational institutions. But the rapid growth of institutions is a result of privatisation, not the reason for its aim of quality, and in many cases it has gone with a fall in standards.

So option B is right, option A makes the growth the explanation, and options C and D call a true statement false.

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85.

Assertion (A) : North-Eastern States are not facing any crisis with regard to female child sex-ratio.

Reason (R) : There is increase of education among women in these States.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Both statements are true, but (R) is not the explanation of (A), which is the keyed answer, option A. The North-Eastern States are not facing the crisis in the female child sex ratio that is seen in the north-western States, since there is little preference for sons in most of their societies. Women's education has also increased there.

The rise in education is a fact, but the better sex ratio comes mainly from the social attitude to daughters and not from schooling, as a State such as Punjab shows that high education does not prevent a low ratio. Options B and C call one or both false, and option D calls (R) false.

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86.

Which Committee recommended three tier system for Panchayati Raj ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) recommended the three-tier system of Panchayati Raj: the village panchayat, the panchayat samiti at the block level and the zila parishad at the district level. This is option A.

The Ashok Mehta Committee (1977) recommended a two-tier system, with the zila parishad and the mandal panchayat, the Sangama Committee is not the source of the three-tier scheme, and the Parliamentary Committee is not, so options B, C and D are wrong.

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87.

Panchayats in modern India are characterized as

I. Participation of people at grassroot level.
II. Self-reliance.
III. Empowering of women.
IV. Bureaucratic control.
Mark the correct answer from the codes given below :
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Panchayats in modern India are characterised by the participation of people at the grassroots level (I), self-reliance (II), the empowering of women (III), and also by bureaucratic control (IV), as the key has it. So all four, option B, are given.

The other options leave out one or more of these features, and so are incomplete. The 73rd Amendment gave women one-third of the seats, which is the empowerment, while the control by officials remains a feature in practice.

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88.

Which is not an indicator of social development ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

An increase in per capita income is not an indicator of social development, since it is an indicator of economic growth. Social development is shown by improvement in health, in education and in the quality of life.

So options A, B and C are indicators of social development and option D, which measures only the average money income, is the exception.

Per capita income is an economic measure of the average money income, and it can rise while health and education stay poor, which is why development studies use indices such as the Human Development Index, with the health and education indicators.

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89.

"Structural adjustment programmes" introduced in 1980 were forced upon the Third World Countries with a view to

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Structural adjustment programmes, introduced by the World Bank and the IMF from about 1980, were forced on the Third World countries with a view to recover the debt, as the loans were conditional on policy changes, and the policies were also meant to check nepotism and weed out corruption by reducing the role of the State. So the answer is 'All the above'.

Options A, B and C each give one of the aims, and so are incomplete.

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90.

Who is of the view that social unrest is rooted in the capitalist path of development ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

A.R. Desai is of the view that social unrest is rooted in the capitalist path of development, which he argued in his Marxist analysis of the social background of Indian nationalism and of the effects of capitalism on rural India.

G.S. Ghurye, D.P. Mukerji and Surajit Sinha did not put the cause of social unrest in the capitalist path in this way, so options B, C and D are wrong.

In his 'Social Background of Indian Nationalism' Desai used a Marxist analysis to argue that the growth of capitalism under British rule created new classes and the conflicts between them.

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