Match the names of sociologists given in List-I with the types of movements identified by them in List-II :List IList II(a) Herbert Blumer(i) Messianic Movements(b) B. Barber(ii) Social Movements(c) N.J. Smelser(iii) Nativistic Movements(d) R. Linton(iv) Norm and values oriented movementsCodes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

The correct matching is (ii) (i) (iv) (iii).Herbert Blumer wrote the classic account of social movements, distinguishing general, specific and expressive movements (ii).Bernard Barber wrote 'Acculturation and Messianic Movements' (1941) (i).Neil J. Smelser, in Theory of Collective Behaviour (1962), distinguished norm-oriented and value-oriented movements (iv).Ralph Linton wrote 'Nativistic Movements' (1943) (iii).Options A and D give Blumer to messianic movements, and option B gives him Smelser's category, so only C fits all four.

State, Politics and Development Questions and Answers

Q: Santhal insurrection broke out in the year ............................

The Santhal insurrection (the Hul) broke out in 1855.Led by the brothers Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, the Santhals of the Rajmahal hills (Damin-i-koh) rose in June 1855 against moneylenders, zamindars and the colonial authorities who had taken their land and trapped them in debt. The revolt was suppressed in 1856 and led to the creation of the Santhal Parganas district.1857 is the year of the great revolt in northern India and is the usual trap; 1858 and 1859 are later still.

Q: Surajith Sinha has classified tribal movements into :

Surajit Sinha classified tribal movements into ethnic rebellion, reform movements, political autonomy movements, secessionist movements and agrarian unrest.Sinha's five-fold classification, discussed in Ghanshyam Shah's survey of social movements in India, groups tribal movements by their main thrust: ethnic rebellions against outsiders, internal reform movements, movements for political autonomy within India, movements seeking secession, and agrarian unrest over land and forest.'Reformist, revolutionary and reactionary' and similar three-way lists are general typologies of social movements, not Sinha's scheme, and 'religious, insurgent and reform' omits the political and agrarian movements central to it.

Q: The rise of the Arya Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj movements in India in the 19th century was a response to ...........................

The Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj were a response to the growing British presence in India and the British challenge to Hindu traditions.Under colonial rule, Western education, Christian missionary criticism and British ideas of reason and reform challenged Hindu beliefs and practices. The Brahmo Samaj (founded by Raja Rammohun Roy in 1828) answered by reforming Hinduism along rational, monotheistic lines, and the Arya Samaj (founded by Dayananda Saraswati in 1875) by returning to the authority of the Vedas.'British fundamentalism', 'British atheism' and 'British revivalism' are not historical forces these movements were responding to; the challenge came from colonial rule and its cultural and religious critique.

Q: The Khasis, Jaintias and Garo tribals witnessed a movement for an autonomous state in the 1960s, resulting in the formation of a separate state of .................. in 1972.

The state formed in 1972 was Meghalaya.The Khasi, Jaintia and Garo peoples of the hills of Assam campaigned through the 1960s (the All Party Hill Leaders Conference) for a separate state. Meghalaya became an autonomous state within Assam in 1970 and a full state on 21 January 1972.Nagaland became a state in 1963, Tripura became a state in 1972 but from a former princely state and Union Territory, and Bodoland is a territorial council within Assam, not a state.

Q: Which type of control is prevalent in the organizational structure of bureaucracy ?

The control prevalent in bureaucracy is Formal control.Bureaucracies are governed by written rules, an official hierarchy, defined duties and records. Control works through these formal channels rather than through personal relationships or custom.Informal control (gossip, peer pressure) operates in all groups but is not what characterises bureaucracy. Laissez-faire is the absence of control, and 'legal control' describes the law of the state rather than the organisation's own structure.

61.

Santhal insurrection broke out in the year ............................

A.1857
B.1858
C.1859
D.1855

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The Santhal insurrection (the Hul) broke out in 1855.

Led by the brothers Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, the Santhals of the Rajmahal hills (Damin-i-koh) rose in June 1855 against moneylenders, zamindars and the colonial authorities who had taken their land and trapped them in debt. The revolt was suppressed in 1856 and led to the creation of the Santhal Parganas district.

1857 is the year of the great revolt in northern India and is the usual trap; 1858 and 1859 are later still.

Discuss in Forum

62.

Match the names of sociologists given in List-I with the types of movements identified by them in List-II :

List I	List II
(a) Herbert Blumer	(i) Messianic Movements
(b) B. Barber	(ii) Social Movements
(c) N.J. Smelser	(iii) Nativistic Movements
(d) R. Linton	(iv) Norm and values oriented movements

Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

A.(i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
B.(iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
C.(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
D.(i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The correct matching is (ii) (i) (iv) (iii).

Herbert Blumer wrote the classic account of social movements, distinguishing general, specific and expressive movements (ii).
Bernard Barber wrote 'Acculturation and Messianic Movements' (1941) (i).
Neil J. Smelser, in Theory of Collective Behaviour (1962), distinguished norm-oriented and value-oriented movements (iv).
Ralph Linton wrote 'Nativistic Movements' (1943) (iii).

Options A and D give Blumer to messianic movements, and option B gives him Smelser's category, so only C fits all four.

Discuss in Forum

63.

Who classified social movements as reformist, transformative and revolutionary ?

A.Ganshyam Shah
B.M.S.A. Rao
C.T.K. Oommen
D.D.N. Dhanagare

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Social movements were classified as reformist, transformative and revolutionary by M.S.A. Rao.

In Social Movements in India M.S.A. Rao classified movements by the degree of change they seek: reformist movements bring partial change in values and norms, transformative movements aim at medium-range structural change, and revolutionary movements seek radical change in the social and political order.

Ghanshyam Shah classified movements by issue and participants, T.K. Oommen analysed movements through charisma, ideology and organisation, and D.N. Dhanagare wrote on peasant movements; none of them is the source of this three-fold scheme.

Discuss in Forum

64.

Who viewed Indian peasantry as docile and not capable for independent action ?

A.A.R. Desai
B.Teodor Shanin
C.Barrington Moore Jr.
D.Partha Mukheerjee

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The view that the Indian peasantry was docile and incapable of independent action is Barrington Moore Jr.'s.

In Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (1966) Moore compared India with China and argued that Indian peasants, held in place by the caste system and the village order, had shown little capacity for large-scale independent revolt.

Indian scholars such as A.R. Desai and Kathleen Gough answered him by documenting a long history of peasant rebellions. Teodor Shanin studied the Russian peasantry as a class, and Partha Mukherjee wrote on agrarian movements, so neither held this view.

Discuss in Forum

65.

Surajith Sinha has classified tribal movements into :

A.Reactionary, Conservative, Revisionary
B.Ethnic rebellion, reform movements, political autonomy movements, secessionist movements and agrarian unrest
C.Religious movements, insurgent movements and reform movements
D.Reformist, Revolutionary and Reactionary

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Surajit Sinha classified tribal movements into ethnic rebellion, reform movements, political autonomy movements, secessionist movements and agrarian unrest.

Sinha's five-fold classification, discussed in Ghanshyam Shah's survey of social movements in India, groups tribal movements by their main thrust: ethnic rebellions against outsiders, internal reform movements, movements for political autonomy within India, movements seeking secession, and agrarian unrest over land and forest.

'Reformist, revolutionary and reactionary' and similar three-way lists are general typologies of social movements, not Sinha's scheme, and 'religious, insurgent and reform' omits the political and agrarian movements central to it.

Discuss in Forum

66.

The rise of the Arya Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj movements in India in the 19th century was a response to ...........................

A.British fundamentalism
B.British Atheism
C.British Revivalism
D.The growing British presence in India and the British challenge to Hindu traditions

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj were a response to the growing British presence in India and the British challenge to Hindu traditions.

Under colonial rule, Western education, Christian missionary criticism and British ideas of reason and reform challenged Hindu beliefs and practices. The Brahmo Samaj (founded by Raja Rammohun Roy in 1828) answered by reforming Hinduism along rational, monotheistic lines, and the Arya Samaj (founded by Dayananda Saraswati in 1875) by returning to the authority of the Vedas.

'British fundamentalism', 'British atheism' and 'British revivalism' are not historical forces these movements were responding to; the challenge came from colonial rule and its cultural and religious critique.

Discuss in Forum

67.

................ is the politically organized people of a definite territory.

A.Nation
B.Country
C.State
D.Border-state

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

The politically organised people of a definite territory is the State.

A state has four elements: population, a definite territory, a government, and sovereignty. The definition in the stem, the classic one of political science, picks out the state.

A nation is a people bound by a sense of common identity, which may or may not have its own state. 'Country' is a looser geographical term, and 'border-state' is not a concept of this kind.

Discuss in Forum

68.

The Khasis, Jaintias and Garo tribals witnessed a movement for an autonomous state in the 1960s, resulting in the formation of a separate state of .................. in 1972.

A.Meghalaya
B.Nagaland
C.Tripura
D.Bodoland

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The state formed in 1972 was Meghalaya.

The Khasi, Jaintia and Garo peoples of the hills of Assam campaigned through the 1960s (the All Party Hill Leaders Conference) for a separate state. Meghalaya became an autonomous state within Assam in 1970 and a full state on 21 January 1972.

Nagaland became a state in 1963, Tripura became a state in 1972 but from a former princely state and Union Territory, and Bodoland is a territorial council within Assam, not a state.

Discuss in Forum

69.

Max Weber's concept of bureaucracy is closing related to his idea on .............

A.Power and Class
B.Power and Authority
C.Power and System
D.Legitimacy of Authority

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

Weber's concept of bureaucracy is closely related to his idea of Power and Authority.

Weber defined power as the ability to impose one's will and authority as legitimate power. Bureaucracy is the purest form of legal-rational authority, one of his three types of authority alongside traditional and charismatic.

Class belongs to his theory of stratification, and 'power and system' is not his pairing. 'Legitimacy of authority' is part of the same idea but leaves out power, which the key pairs with authority.

Discuss in Forum

70.

Which type of control is prevalent in the organizational structure of bureaucracy ?

A.Legal control
B.Formal control
C.Laissez-faire control
D.Informal control

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The control prevalent in bureaucracy is Formal control.

Bureaucracies are governed by written rules, an official hierarchy, defined duties and records. Control works through these formal channels rather than through personal relationships or custom.

Informal control (gossip, peer pressure) operates in all groups but is not what characterises bureaucracy. Laissez-faire is the absence of control, and 'legal control' describes the law of the state rather than the organisation's own structure.

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