Transformation of Sentences Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Correct answer: Paralleled

Parallel is the base word, and the rule for adding -ed is to leave the final l single, because the stress falls on the first syllable: PAR-al-lel → paralleled. British spelling doubles a final l only after a stressed vowel, as in compel → compelled.

The three wrong forms each mishandle one of the doubled letters: parallelled doubles the last l, parraleled doubles the r, and paraleled loses the double l that belongs in the middle.

Answer: B

It is a complex compound sentence.

The sentence has two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction 'but': 'The dog lived in the garden' and 'the cat lived inside the house'. The second also contains a dependent relative clause, 'who was smarter'. Two or more independent clauses plus at least one dependent clause make a compound-complex sentence.

A simple sentence has one clause. A compound sentence would have the two independent clauses but no dependent clause, and a complex sentence one independent clause with a dependent clause, so neither describes all of this sentence.

Answer: A

The best synthesis is 'If I had known you were in the hospital, I would have visited you'. The two sentences describe a past situation that did not happen: the speaker did not know, so he did not visit. That unreal past is expressed by the third conditional, 'if' + past perfect in the clause with the condition and 'would have' + past participle in the result. Option B mixes 'were to know' (a present or future hypothetical) with a past result. Options C and D are only restatements joined by 'but' or 'so', not a synthesis in a conditional form.

Answer: C

'Mumbai is richer than most of the cities in India' is the comparative form that keeps the meaning of 'one of the richest cities'. The superlative with 'one of' says that Mumbai is among the top group, so it is richer than most but not necessarily than all. Option D, richer than all cities, makes it the single richest and so changes the meaning. Option A drops the comparison, and option B, very few cities are as rich, is the positive-degree form and implies Mumbai is the richest or nearly so.

Answer: C

The clause is 'which I wanted to read', introduced by 'which', and it is an adjective (relative) clause. It follows the noun 'book' and tells which book is meant, which is the work of an adjective. 'Where is the book' is the main clause, and 'where' is an adverb of place in it, not a clause by itself. A noun clause would stand as the subject or object of a verb, and there is no such thing as a 'prepositional clause' here, so options A, B and D are wrong.

Answer: D

'You can borrow the book provided that you return it soon' joins the two sentences with the conjunction that carries the condition. The first sentence gives permission and the second states the requirement, so 'provided that' fits. 'But' contrasts the clauses, 'and' only adds, and 'when' gives a time instead of a condition, so those options do not give the right sense. In a sentence with a conditional clause, 'provided that' states a condition, and so it joins the permission with the requirement that the book be returned soon. 'But' implies that the second sentence limits the first, which is close but less exact, and 'when' changes the sense.

Answer: B

The negative form is 'No sooner had he come than he started creating trouble'. A sentence with 'as soon as' becomes a negative one with 'No sooner ... than', and the first clause takes the past perfect with inversion: 'No sooner had he come'. Option D uses 'did he come' and 'had created' without 'than', which is not correct, and options A and C change the meaning. Another way to say it is that the no sooner clause sets two events one right after the other, the first in the past perfect and the second in the simple past, which is why 'No sooner had he come than he started' keeps the sense of 'as soon as'.

Answer: C

The simple sentence is 'I am expanding my business in every possible direction'. The complex sentence has the adverb clause 'wherever I can find an opening', which is replaced in the simple sentence by a phrase, 'in every possible direction'. The other options still hold a clause or change the meaning, as 'whence it is possible' does. In the complex sentence there is an adverb clause 'wherever I can find an opening', and a simple sentence has one main clause only, so the clause must become a phrase, 'in every possible direction'. The option with 'wherever I find space' keeps the clause.

Answer: B

The correct sentence is 'Fools rush in where angels fear to tread', which is the well-known proverb, with 'where' as the adverb clause of place. 'If', 'as' and 'before' give a condition, a reason or a time, and none of these is in the proverb. It is a proverb from Pope's Essay on Criticism, 'For fools rush in where angels fear to tread', and the clause with 'where' is an adverb clause of place. A clause with 'if' would make the second sentence a condition, 'as' would give a reason and 'before' a time, none of which suits the saying.

Answer: A

In He has rather a pleasant personality, the word rather comes before the article a, and a pre-determiner is a word that stands before the determiner. Words such as such, quite, half and rather are pre-determiners.

An ordinal is a word like first, a numeral gives a number, and a qualifier is a word that modifies the degree of an adjective, which is a different class from a pre-determiner.