Statements: Some actors are singers. All the singers are dancers.
Conclusions:
1. Some actors are dancers.
2. No singer is actor.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Only (1) conclusion follows
Some actors are singers and all singers are dancers, so those actors are dancers - some actors are dancers. Conclusion 2 denies the first statement outright, which says some actors are singers. Only 1 follows.
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The question given below has a set of three or four statements. Each set of statements is further divided into three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two, but not just from one of them.
Statement -
I. All fruits are textbooks.
II. All pens are textbooks.
III. All textbooks are rains.
Conclusion -
I. All fruits are rains.
II. All pens are rains.
III. Some rains are textbooks.
Answer: D
Correct answer: All follow
All textbooks are rains, so anything that is a textbook is a rain: fruits and pens both are, which gives conclusions I and II. And since all textbooks are rains, some rains are textbooks - conclusion III. All follow.
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In question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Give answer
(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.
Statement
I. All musicians are painters.
II. All dancers are painters.
Conclusion
I. All dancers are musicians.
II. Some painters are not dancers.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Neither I nor II follows
Musicians and dancers are both contained in painters, but two classes inside a third need not overlap - so conclusion I does not follow. Conclusion II asserts painters who are not dancers, and for all the statements say every painter might be a dancer. Neither follows.
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In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Give answer
(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.
Statement -
I. No woman is stupid
II. Neha is a woman
Conclusion -
I. Neha is not stupid
II. All woman are Neha
Answer: A
Correct answer: Only I follows
No woman is stupid, and Neha is a woman, so Neha is not stupid - conclusion I. Conclusion II reverses the second statement: Neha being a woman does not make every woman Neha. Only I follows.
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Statements: All the phones are scales. All the scales are calculators.
Conclusions:
1. All the calculators are scales.
2. All the phones are calculators
3. All the scales are phones.
4. Some calculators are phones.
Answer: C
Correct answer: Only (2) and (4)
All phones are scales and all scales are calculators, so all phones are calculators - conclusion 2 - and therefore some calculators are phones, conclusion 4. Conclusions 1 and 3 reverse universals, which is never valid.
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In given below has a set of three or four statements. Each set of statements is further divided into three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two, but not just from one of them.
Statement -
A. Many writers are not readers. All plumbers are writers. Some plumbers are not readers.
B. Boys play cricket. Some girls do not play cricket. Some girls are not boys.
C. All Humans live in houses. Some penguins live in houses. Some penguins are Humans.
Answer: B
Correct answer: B
In B the conclusion follows: boys play cricket, and some girls do not - so those girls cannot be boys. In A the first segment says only that many writers are not readers, which need not include the plumbers; and in C the middle term, living in houses, is undistributed.
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Statements: All the papers are books. All the bags are books. Some purses are bags.
Conclusions:
1. Some papers are bags.
2. Some books are papers.
3. Some books are purses.
Answer: B
Correct answer: Only (2) and (3)
All papers are books gives some books are papers, conclusion 2; and some purses being bags, with all bags books, gives some books are purses, conclusion 3. Conclusion 1 links papers to bags, which the statements do not.
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In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Give answer
(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.
Statement -
I. Some cables are keyboard.
II. All cables are monitors.
Conclusion -
I. Some monitors are keyboard.
II. Some monitors are not keyboard.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Only I follows
Some cables are keyboards and all cables are monitors, so those cables are monitors that are keyboards - some monitors are keyboards, conclusion I. Conclusion II asserts monitors that are not keyboards, which need not exist. Only I follows.
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In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Give answer
(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.
Statement -
I. All eyes are ears.
II. All ears are noses.
Conclusion -
I. No eyes are ears.
II. Some noses are eyes.
Answer: B
Correct answer: Only II follows
All eyes are ears and all ears are noses, so all eyes are noses - and therefore some noses are eyes, conclusion II. Conclusion I contradicts the first statement outright. Only II follows.
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Statements:
I. Some entertainers are boring.
II. All boring are dusty.
Conclusions:
I. Some entertainers are dusty.
II. All entertainers are dusty.
Answer: A
Correct answer: If only conclusion I follows
Some entertainers are boring and all boring are dusty, so those entertainers are dusty - some entertainers are dusty, conclusion I. Conclusion II makes it all entertainers, which the particular first statement cannot support. Only I follows.
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