Data Acquisition Systems Questions and Answers

Q: The development of the first satellite was a leap forward to satellite technology in India :

India's first satellite was Aryabhatta (Aryabhata).Built by ISRO and launched on 19 April 1975 by a Soviet rocket, Aryabhata carried experiments in X-ray astronomy, solar physics and aeronomy. It gave Indian engineers their first experience of designing, building and operating a satellite, the leap the question describes.Bhaskara (1979) was India's first experimental remote sensing satellite, IRS-1A (printed 'IRS-IA', 1988) its first operational remote sensing satellite, and CARTOSAT-2 (2007) a later high-resolution mapping satellite.

Q: A ................ is an equatorial orbit of satellite at approximately 36000 km altitude, which completes one orbit around the earth in the same time needed for earth to rotate about its axis.

The orbit described is the geostationary orbit.A satellite in a circular orbit over the equator at about 36,000 km (35,786 km) altitude takes 24 hours (one sidereal day) to go round the Earth, the same time the Earth takes to rotate. It therefore stays fixed above one point on the equator, which suits communication and weather satellites such as India's INSAT series.Sun-synchronous orbits are low, near-polar orbits used by remote sensing satellites, low Earth orbits are only a few hundred kilometres up, and an elliptical orbit is defined by its shape, not by matching the Earth's rotation.

Q: .................... are basic and still widely used form of Remote Sensing.

The basic and still widely used form of remote sensing is aerial photographs.Remote sensing began with photographs taken from balloons and aircraft, and aerial photography remains in wide use for topographic mapping, land use surveys, forestry and urban planning, because of its high spatial resolution and the stereoscopic (three-dimensional) view that overlapping photographs give.Radar, multispectral scanner (MSS) and hyperspectral data are later and more specialised techniques that depend on satellite or airborne sensors developed from the 1960s and 1970s onwards.

Q: In microwave remote sensing, significant wave heights (SWH) over ocean surface can be determined by :

Significant wave height is determined by the Radar Altimeter.A satellite radar altimeter sends short microwave pulses straight down and times their return. Over a rough sea the pulse returns from crests before troughs, so its leading edge is stretched; the slope of that edge gives significant wave height, while the return time gives sea surface height and the strength of the echo gives wind speed. TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason and the Indo-French SARAL-AltiKa work this way.Synthetic aperture radar and the Shuttle Imaging Radar produce images and can show wave patterns, but they are not the routine source of significant wave height. The Thematic Mapper is an optical Landsat sensor, not a microwave instrument.

Q: A remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser is called ...........................

The method is LIDAR.LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) fires pulses of laser light and measures the time each pulse takes to return. The time gives the distance, so LIDAR builds precise three-dimensional models of terrain, forest canopies and buildings.RADAR uses microwave radio pulses, not light. NOAA is the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (and its satellites), and MODIS is a passive imaging spectroradiometer on the Terra and Aqua satellites.

The development of the first satellite was a leap forward to satellite technology in India :

A.Aryabhatta
B.Bhaskara
C.IRS-IA
D.CARTOSAT-2

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

India's first satellite was Aryabhatta (Aryabhata).

Built by ISRO and launched on 19 April 1975 by a Soviet rocket, Aryabhata carried experiments in X-ray astronomy, solar physics and aeronomy. It gave Indian engineers their first experience of designing, building and operating a satellite, the leap the question describes.

Bhaskara (1979) was India's first experimental remote sensing satellite, IRS-1A (printed 'IRS-IA', 1988) its first operational remote sensing satellite, and CARTOSAT-2 (2007) a later high-resolution mapping satellite.

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A ................ is an equatorial orbit of satellite at approximately 36000 km altitude, which completes one orbit around the earth in the same time needed for earth to rotate about its axis.

A.Sunsynchronous orbit
B.Geostationary orbit
C.Low earth orbit
D.Elliptical orbit

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The orbit described is the geostationary orbit.

A satellite in a circular orbit over the equator at about 36,000 km (35,786 km) altitude takes 24 hours (one sidereal day) to go round the Earth, the same time the Earth takes to rotate. It therefore stays fixed above one point on the equator, which suits communication and weather satellites such as India's INSAT series.

Sun-synchronous orbits are low, near-polar orbits used by remote sensing satellites, low Earth orbits are only a few hundred kilometres up, and an elliptical orbit is defined by its shape, not by matching the Earth's rotation.

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.................... are basic and still widely used form of Remote Sensing.

A.Radar data
B.MSS data
C.Aerial photographs
D.Hyperspectral data

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The basic and still widely used form of remote sensing is aerial photographs.

Remote sensing began with photographs taken from balloons and aircraft, and aerial photography remains in wide use for topographic mapping, land use surveys, forestry and urban planning, because of its high spatial resolution and the stereoscopic (three-dimensional) view that overlapping photographs give.

Radar, multispectral scanner (MSS) and hyperspectral data are later and more specialised techniques that depend on satellite or airborne sensors developed from the 1960s and 1970s onwards.

Discuss in Forum

In microwave remote sensing, significant wave heights (SWH) over ocean surface can be determined by :

A.Radar Altimeter
B.Synthetic Aperture Radar
C.Shuttle Imaging Radar
D.Thematic Mapper

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

Significant wave height is determined by the Radar Altimeter.

A satellite radar altimeter sends short microwave pulses straight down and times their return. Over a rough sea the pulse returns from crests before troughs, so its leading edge is stretched; the slope of that edge gives significant wave height, while the return time gives sea surface height and the strength of the echo gives wind speed. TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason and the Indo-French SARAL-AltiKa work this way.

Synthetic aperture radar and the Shuttle Imaging Radar produce images and can show wave patterns, but they are not the routine source of significant wave height. The Thematic Mapper is an optical Landsat sensor, not a microwave instrument.

Discuss in Forum

A remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser is called ...........................

A.RADAR
B.LIDAR
C.NOAA
D.MODIS

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The method is LIDAR.

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) fires pulses of laser light and measures the time each pulse takes to return. The time gives the distance, so LIDAR builds precise three-dimensional models of terrain, forest canopies and buildings.

RADAR uses microwave radio pulses, not light. NOAA is the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (and its satellites), and MODIS is a passive imaging spectroradiometer on the Terra and Aqua satellites.

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If D = Detector Dimension, F = Focal Length, H = Flying Height, then Ground Resolution Element (GRE) is equal to

A.(D/F) \(\times\) H
B.D/F
C.H/F
D.D/H

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

By similar triangles, a detector of size D at focal length F corresponds on the ground to the same angle seen from the flying height H.\[ \mathrm{GRE} = \frac{D}{F} \times H \]So the ground resolution element is (D/F) times H. D/F is the angular size (scale factor) and has no height in it, H/F is the reciprocal of the scale and is not a ground size, and D/H is unrelated to the geometry, so only the first option is a ground distance in the right units.

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At Nadir, the LISS - IV camera in IRS-P6 has a spatial resolution of

A.5.8 m
B.5.9 m
C.5.7 m
D.5.6 m

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The LISS-IV camera of IRS-P6 has a spatial resolution of 5.8 m at nadir, option A. IRS-P6, also called Resourcesat-1, carries the LISS-IV, a high resolution multispectral camera, with this resolution at the point directly below the satellite.

The values in options B, C and D, 5.9, 5.7 and 5.6 m, are close to the true figure and are meant to trap a student who recalls only roughly. The figure of 5.8 m is the one given by the official key and by the mission specification.

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On an aerial photograph, the distance between the principal point and the conjugate principal point is called

A.Relief
B.Tilt
C.Photo-base
D.Focal length

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The distance between the principal point and the conjugate principal point on an aerial photograph is the photo-base.

The conjugate principal point is the position of the principal point of the neighbouring overlapping photograph, marked on the first photograph. Its distance from the principal point is the photo-base, and it is used in stereoscopic parallax measurements. Relief is displacement due to height, tilt is the angle of the camera axis from the vertical, and focal length is the distance from the lens to the film.

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An equatorial west to east remote sensing satellite orbiting the earth at an altitude of 36,000 km is called

A.Sun-synchronous satellite
B.Geostationary satellite
C.Space shuttle
D.Stereo imager

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

An equatorial satellite orbiting from west to east at about 36,000 km is a geostationary satellite.

At roughly 35,800 km above the equator, with an orbital period of one sidereal day and the same sense of rotation as the Earth, the satellite stays over one point on the ground. A sun-synchronous satellite flies in a near-polar orbit at 600 to 900 km. A space shuttle orbits at a few hundred kilometres and a stereo imager is a type of sensor, not an orbit.

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10.

Which of the following is the satellite for measuring precipitation ?

A.GRACE
B.TRMM
C.ASTER
D.SPOT

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The satellite for measuring precipitation is TRMM, option (B). The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission carried a precipitation radar and microwave instruments to measure rainfall over the tropics. GRACE (A) measured changes in the Earth's gravity field and so water storage, ASTER (C) is an imaging instrument on the Terra satellite for surface temperature and elevation, and SPOT (D) is a French Earth observation satellite for imagery of the land.

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