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Development and Social Action Questions and Answers

21.

Which of the following is not a new social movement ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Peasant movements are not new social movements. They are old movements based on class and on economic demands over land and rent, found in India and elsewhere for a very long time, while the new social movements arose after the 1960s around identity, environment and rights.

Environmental, feminist and disability rights movements are given as typical new social movements, since they concern quality of life and identity and not class struggle alone.

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22.

Assertion (A) : The rise of Human Rights Non-Governmental organisations in India has been a recent phenomenon with the National Emergency of 1975 acting as a trigger for their emergence and increased activities.

Reason (R) : Before 1975 there were no human rights violations.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The assertion is correct and the reason is incorrect. Human rights NGOs such as the PUCL and the PUDR grew in India after the Emergency of 1975, when civil liberties were suspended and many people were detained.

The reason, that there were no human rights violations before 1975, is plainly false, since violations occurred under colonial rule and afterwards. The options which take (R) to be correct or an explanation of (A) are rejected.

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23.

Assertion (A) : The Phenomenon of globalization has, among other things, given rise to a variety of Global social movements.

Reason (R) : Globalization ushers in an era of human rights.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The assertion is correct and the reason is incorrect. Globalisation has given rise to many global social movements, such as those on the environment, women's rights and fair trade, which cross national boundaries.

The reason claims that globalisation ushers in an era of human rights, and this is an overstatement, since globalisation has also led to violations, such as exploitation of workers and widening inequality, and the key treats it as incorrect.

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24.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I (Group)List - II (Concern/ Distinctiveness)
a. NGOsi. To promote interest of their members and to influence politics
b. Pressure groupsii. A group of eminent persons in their chosen field.
c. Political partiesiii. Concerned with some public issues/problems.
d. Elitesiv. Seek political power

Codes

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The correct matches are NGOs with concern for public issues, pressure groups with promoting the interests of members, political parties with seeking political power, and elites with a group of eminent persons in their chosen field. This is the code iii i iv ii.

The other codes give the interest of members to NGOs or political power to pressure groups, which confuses these groups, since pressure groups influence politics without seeking power themselves.

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25.

To solve the problem of Urban poverty in the country, the central government initiated the programme called

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

To deal with urban poverty the Government of India launched the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana in December 1997, the golden jubilee year of independence. It aimed at gainful employment for the urban unemployed and underemployed through self-employment and wage employment.

The Prime Minister's, August Kranti and President's Shahari Rozgar Yojanas are not national schemes of this kind. The Nehru Rozgar Yojana was an earlier urban programme that this one replaced.

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26.

Who of the following headed the committee to study the problems of Unorganized workers in India ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Arjun Sengupta headed the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, set up in 2004, which studied the problems of unorganised workers and reported on their poor conditions and social security needs. This is the committee the question refers to.

Nitish Sengupta, Ravi Shrivastava and Ashok Mitra are economists and scholars, but none of them chaired this commission.

The commission reported in 2007 and 2008, and found that most of the Indian workforce is in the unorganised sector with no social security. Its report led to the Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act of 2008, which is the reason it is remembered.

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27.

Movement for Dalit rights was not championed by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The Dalit rights movement was not championed by Mahadev Govind Ranade, a social reformer and judge associated with the Prarthana Samaj, who worked on widow remarriage and general reform but was not known for a Dalit rights movement.

Sri Narayana Guru in Kerala, Jyotirao Phule in Maharashtra and B.R. Ambedkar are well known for the Dalit and lower caste emancipation movement, so each of them did champion it.

Ranade founded the Social Conference and wrote on economic and social reform, so he is remembered as a general reformer. The other three are directly connected with Dalit and lower caste movements, in Kerala, Maharashtra and the national movement.

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28.

Right to Information Act 2005 was the culmination of the sustained efforts of

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The Right to Information Act of 2005 was the culmination of the sustained efforts of Aruna Roy and the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan, which began a campaign in Rajasthan in the 1990s for the right of villagers to see muster rolls and records.

Baba Amte is known for work with leprosy patients and Narmada, Anna Hazare for work in Ralegan Siddhi and the anti-corruption movement, so they were not the main force behind the Act. Savita Sinha is not linked with it.

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29.

Sacher Committee Report dealt with the issue of

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The Sachar Committee, set up in 2005 under Justice Rajindar Sachar, reported in 2006 on the social, economic and educational condition of Muslims in India. This is why its report is linked with the socio-economic development of Muslims.

It did not cover all minorities or working women, and the treatment of prisoners of war is the subject of the Geneva Conventions, not of this report.

The committee looked at employment, education, access to credit and public services, and found that the Muslims' condition in several measures was below that of the scheduled castes. It was set up by the Prime Minister's office in March 2005 and gave its report in November 2006.

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30.

The People's Union for Civil Liberties and Democratic Rights (PUCLDR) was established in

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The People's Union for Civil Liberties and Democratic Rights (PUCLDR), the forerunner of the PUCL, was set up in 1976 by Jayaprakash Narayan during the Emergency, with V.M. Tarkunde and others, to defend civil liberties. The key gives 1976.

The years 1956, 1966 and 1986 do not mark the setting up, and the body was started because the Emergency curbed rights.

The Emergency was proclaimed in June 1975 and the body was formed in 1976, in response to the suspension of liberties and the mass detentions. Its later name, the PUCL, is the better known one today. The other years do not coincide with the Emergency.

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