Karnataka Music Questions and Answers

Q: Ghanaraga Pancharatna Kritis are composed by

Tyagaraja composed the Ghanaraga Pancharatna Kritis.The five Pancharatna Kritis in the ghana ragas Nata, Gaula, Arabhi, Varali and Sri, set to Adi tala, are the best-known set of compositions by Tyagaraja (1767-1847) and are sung in chorus on his aradhana day at Thiruvaiyaru.Swati Thirunal, Syama Shastri and Muthuswami Dikshitar belong to the same period, but their well-known compositions are different: Dikshitar's navavarna and Kamalamba kritis, and Syama Sastri's swarajatis.

Q: Mechkalyani is a

Mechakalyani is an Uttaranga raga.Mechakalyani is the 65th melakarta. It uses prati madhyama, and a raga whose madhyama is prati is called an uttaranga raga, as the prati madhyama belongs to the upper half of the scale, whereas ragas using shuddha madhyama are purvanga ragas. The key gives this category.It is not a janya raga, because it is itself a melakarta from which other ragas are derived. 'Ghana raga' names a set of five ragas of a particular character, and Mechakalyani is not one of them. 'Vakra' means a zigzag scale, which Mechakalyani does not have, since it is a complete sampurna scale.

Q: Number of Kharaharapriya in the 72 Melakartha scheme is

Kharaharapriya is the 22nd melakarta.In the Katapayadi scheme of the 72 melakartas, Kharaharapriya takes number 22. Its notes are Sa, chatushruti Ri, sadharana Ga, shuddha Ma, Pa, chatushruti Dha, kaishiki Ni and the upper Sa, which in Hindustani music corresponds to the scale of Kafi.The numbers 25, 20 and 15 are the places of other melakartas (for example, 15 is Mayamalavagowla), so they do not apply.

Q: Total number of Vivadi ragas in the 72 Melakartha scheme is

There are 40 vivadi ragas among the 72 melakartas.Of the 72 melakartas, the 32 that avoid every vivadi combination of notes are non-vivadi and 40 contain a vivadi relation between notes (for example, a shuddha Ri with a sadharana Ga in the second chakra). The key gives 40.The numbers 39, 42 and 43 do not match this count.

Q: ______ is a Purva prasidha Melaraga.

Malavagaula is a purva prasiddha melaraga.Malavagaula (Mayamalavagowla, the 15th mela) was well known as a raga before the 72 mela scheme was drawn up, and so it is called a purva prasiddha (previously famous) melaraga, as is Sankarabharanam.Suryakantham, Vakulabharanam and Kanakangi are names that came into use only with the 72 mela scheme, so they are not purva prasiddha ragas.Mayamalavagaula was also the raga in which Purandara Dasa set the first lessons of Karnatak music, the sarali and janta varisais, and so it is the first raga a student of the Karnatak system learns.

Q: Anyaswara (Foreign note) of Asaveri raga is

The anya swara of Asaveri is Chatusruti Rishabham.Asaveri is a janya of the 8th mela, Hanumatodi, and uses an occasional foreign note (anya swara), the chatusruti rishabha, in some phrases, and the key gives this note.Shuddha Rishabha is a note of the raga itself, and prati madhyama and antara gandhara are foreign to its scale but are not the anya swara the key names.

Q: Devarnamas are composed by

Purandara Dasa composed the Devarnamas.Devaranamas are the devotional songs in Kannada by the Haridasas, and Purandara Dasa (1484-1564), called the father of Karnatak music, composed a very large number of them.Dikshitar, Syama Sastri and Swati Thirunal are composers of the later trinity period who wrote in Sanskrit, Telugu and Malayalam, not devaranamas.Purandara Dasa is also credited with arranging the teaching exercises (varisais) and with composing in the simple vernacular for the general public, and because of this he is often called Karnataka Sangita Pitamaha, the father of Karnatak music.

Q: _______ comes in the group of Ghanaraga Pancharatna.

Arabhi belongs to the Ghanaraga Pancharatna.Tyagaraja's five Pancharatna Kritis are in the ragas Nata, Gaula, Arabhi, Varali and Sri, and these five are called the ghana ragas.Mohanam, Abheri and Kharaharapriya are important ragas, but none of them is among the five of the Pancharatna group.The five ragas, Nata, Gaula, Arabhi, Varali and Sri, are called ghana ragas because their phrases are weighty and suited to ghana (heavy) singing, and the pancharatna kritis in them are sung together on the Tyagaraja aradhana day.

Q: _______ is a Vivadi raga.

Rasikapriya is a vivadi raga.Rasikapriya is the 72nd melakarta and its scale (Sa, chatusruti Ri, antara Ga... ) includes a vivadi relationship among its notes, so it is a vivadi melakarta.Kharaharapriya, Shanmukhapriya and Ramapriya are melakartas whose combinations of notes are not vivadi as the key counts them.

Ghanaraga Pancharatna Kritis are composed by

A.Swati Thirunal
B.Syama Shastri
C.Tyagaraja
D.Muthuswami Dikshitar

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Tyagaraja composed the Ghanaraga Pancharatna Kritis.

The five Pancharatna Kritis in the ghana ragas Nata, Gaula, Arabhi, Varali and Sri, set to Adi tala, are the best-known set of compositions by Tyagaraja (1767-1847) and are sung in chorus on his aradhana day at Thiruvaiyaru.

Swati Thirunal, Syama Shastri and Muthuswami Dikshitar belong to the same period, but their well-known compositions are different: Dikshitar's navavarna and Kamalamba kritis, and Syama Sastri's swarajatis.

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Mechkalyani is a

A.Utharanga raga
B.Janya raga
C.Ghana raga
D.Vakra raga

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Mechakalyani is an Uttaranga raga.

Mechakalyani is the 65th melakarta. It uses prati madhyama, and a raga whose madhyama is prati is called an uttaranga raga, as the prati madhyama belongs to the upper half of the scale, whereas ragas using shuddha madhyama are purvanga ragas. The key gives this category.

It is not a janya raga, because it is itself a melakarta from which other ragas are derived. 'Ghana raga' names a set of five ragas of a particular character, and Mechakalyani is not one of them. 'Vakra' means a zigzag scale, which Mechakalyani does not have, since it is a complete sampurna scale.

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Number of Kharaharapriya in the 72 Melakartha scheme is

A.25
B.22
C.20
D.15

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Kharaharapriya is the 22nd melakarta.

In the Katapayadi scheme of the 72 melakartas, Kharaharapriya takes number 22. Its notes are Sa, chatushruti Ri, sadharana Ga, shuddha Ma, Pa, chatushruti Dha, kaishiki Ni and the upper Sa, which in Hindustani music corresponds to the scale of Kafi.

The numbers 25, 20 and 15 are the places of other melakartas (for example, 15 is Mayamalavagowla), so they do not apply.

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Total number of Vivadi ragas in the 72 Melakartha scheme is

A.39
B.40
C.42
D.43

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

There are 40 vivadi ragas among the 72 melakartas.

Of the 72 melakartas, the 32 that avoid every vivadi combination of notes are non-vivadi and 40 contain a vivadi relation between notes (for example, a shuddha Ri with a sadharana Ga in the second chakra). The key gives 40.

The numbers 39, 42 and 43 do not match this count.

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______ is a Purva prasidha Melaraga.

A.Malavagavla
B.Suryakantham
C.Vakulabharanam
D.Kanakangi

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Malavagaula is a purva prasiddha melaraga.

Malavagaula (Mayamalavagowla, the 15th mela) was well known as a raga before the 72 mela scheme was drawn up, and so it is called a purva prasiddha (previously famous) melaraga, as is Sankarabharanam.

Suryakantham, Vakulabharanam and Kanakangi are names that came into use only with the 72 mela scheme, so they are not purva prasiddha ragas.

Mayamalavagaula was also the raga in which Purandara Dasa set the first lessons of Karnatak music, the sarali and janta varisais, and so it is the first raga a student of the Karnatak system learns.

Discuss in Forum

Anyaswara (Foreign note) of Asaveri raga is

A.Sudha Rishabham
B.Chatusruti Rishabham
C.Prati Madyamam
D.Antara Gandharam

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The anya swara of Asaveri is Chatusruti Rishabham.

Asaveri is a janya of the 8th mela, Hanumatodi, and uses an occasional foreign note (anya swara), the chatusruti rishabha, in some phrases, and the key gives this note.

Shuddha Rishabha is a note of the raga itself, and prati madhyama and antara gandhara are foreign to its scale but are not the anya swara the key names.

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Who wrote kirtanas for the first time with divisions of Pallavi, Anupallavi and Charanam ?

A.Bhadrachalam Ramadas
B.Tallapakkam Composers
C.Tyagaraja
D.Purandara Dasa

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The Tallapakkam composers first wrote kirtanas with pallavi, anupallavi and charanam.

Tallapakam Annamacharya and his family, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, are credited with first giving the kirtana the structure of pallavi, anupallavi and charanam, which later composers took up.

Bhadrachalam Ramadas, Purandara Dasa and Tyagaraja came later or used other forms, and so the key names the Tallapakkam composers.

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Devarnamas are composed by

A.Muthuswami Dikshitar
B.Purandara Das
C.Syama Shastri
D.Swati Thirunal

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Purandara Dasa composed the Devarnamas.

Devaranamas are the devotional songs in Kannada by the Haridasas, and Purandara Dasa (1484-1564), called the father of Karnatak music, composed a very large number of them.

Dikshitar, Syama Sastri and Swati Thirunal are composers of the later trinity period who wrote in Sanskrit, Telugu and Malayalam, not devaranamas.

Purandara Dasa is also credited with arranging the teaching exercises (varisais) and with composing in the simple vernacular for the general public, and because of this he is often called Karnataka Sangita Pitamaha, the father of Karnatak music.

Discuss in Forum

_______ comes in the group of Ghanaraga Pancharatna.

A.Arabhi
B.Mohanam
C.Abheri
D.Kharaharapriya

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Arabhi belongs to the Ghanaraga Pancharatna.

Tyagaraja's five Pancharatna Kritis are in the ragas Nata, Gaula, Arabhi, Varali and Sri, and these five are called the ghana ragas.

Mohanam, Abheri and Kharaharapriya are important ragas, but none of them is among the five of the Pancharatna group.

The five ragas, Nata, Gaula, Arabhi, Varali and Sri, are called ghana ragas because their phrases are weighty and suited to ghana (heavy) singing, and the pancharatna kritis in them are sung together on the Tyagaraja aradhana day.

Discuss in Forum

10.

_______ is a Vivadi raga.

A.Rasikapriya
B.Kharaharapriya
C.Shanmukhpriya
D.Ramapriya

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Rasikapriya is a vivadi raga.

Rasikapriya is the 72nd melakarta and its scale (Sa, chatusruti Ri, antara Ga... ) includes a vivadi relationship among its notes, so it is a vivadi melakarta.

Kharaharapriya, Shanmukhapriya and Ramapriya are melakartas whose combinations of notes are not vivadi as the key counts them.

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