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Prisons and Correctional Administration Questions and Answers

21.

Open air jails are setup under what philosophy ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Open air jails are founded on the philosophy of reformation, preparing prisoners for return to society by trust, work and low security.

Incarceration and protection of society are wrong: they rest on confinement and security. Retribution is wrong: it is a punitive aim, which open prisons do not stress. In such institutions inmates typically work on farms or in industry, earn wages and live under little supervision, which is the practical form of reformation.

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22.

'Prison statistics in India' is annually published by which organisation ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) publishes Prison Statistics India every year, together with Crime in India.

The National Institute of Social Defence works on social defence programmes. The Bureau of Police Research and Development works on police training and modernisation. The Registrar General of India runs the census, so none of them publishes prison statistics. The report gives data on jails, inmates, capacity, occupancy, convicts and undertrials, and caste or education profiles of prisoners.

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23.

Under the Probation of Offenders Act, Pre-sentence Report is prepared by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Under the Probation of Offenders Act, the pre-sentence report is prepared by the probation officer, who inquires into the offender's character, antecedents and home surroundings for the court.

The police officer investigates the offence. The prosecution officer presents the state's case. The prison officer deals with inmates. None of them prepares the pre-sentence report. The court may call for it before deciding whether to release the offender on probation of good conduct instead of sentencing him.

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24.

The main purpose of releasing an offender on probation is

I. Reformation and Rehabilitation
II. Concession to the wrong-doer
III. Saving of public exchequer
IV. Utilization of family and community resources
Find the correct combination using the codes given below :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The main purposes of releasing an offender on probation are reformation and rehabilitation (I), saving public money that would be spent on imprisonment (III) and using the family and community resources for the offender's supervision (IV). Concession to the wrong-doer (II) is not a purpose of probation, since it is a measure to help reform, not a favour. So the correct combination is I, III and IV, option C; options A and B include II and option D leaves out III.

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25.

Match the items in List-I with items in List-II.

List-IList-II
(I) Rigorous Imprisonment(a) No labour
(II) Simple Imprisonment(b) Unsentenced
(III) Under trial(c) Political prisoners
(IV) Detenues(d) With hard labour

Codes :
(I) (II) (III) (IV)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Rigorous imprisonment is imprisonment with hard labour (d), simple imprisonment carries no labour (a), an under-trial prisoner is one who has not been sentenced (b) and detenues are political prisoners (c). So the codes are (d) (a) (b) (c), option C. Options A and B give rigorous imprisonment no labour, and option D confuses under trial with political prisoners and detenues with no labour.

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26.

Which Committee first recommended the principle of reformation and rehabilitation of offenders ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The Indian Jails Committee of 1919-1920 was the first to recommend the principle of reformation and rehabilitation of offenders, moving away from the purely deterrent view of prisons. The All India Jails Reform Committee of 1980-83 (the Mulla Committee) and the Krishna Iyer Committee of 1986 on women prisoners came much later, so they were not the first. The answer is B.

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27.

What is the main law dealing with prisons in India ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The main law dealing with prisons in India is the Prisons Act, 1894, which governs the management of prisons and the discipline of prisoners. The Transfer of Prisoners Act, 1950 deals only with moving prisoners from one state to another, and the Prisoners Act of 1900 deals with giving evidence of prisoners, so neither is the main prison law. The answer is C. The Act governs matters such as the classification of prisoners, the duties of jail staff and offences by prisoners, and state governments have framed prison rules under it.

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28.

Among the following which country first started probation service for offenders ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Probation service for offenders began in America: John Augustus, a Boston shoemaker, began to stand bail for offenders and supervise them in 1841, and Massachusetts passed the first probation law in 1878. England later passed the Probation of Offenders Act of 1907, India its own legislation after that and France is not credited with the start. The answer is America. Augustus's work in 1841 gave probation its name and its first practice, a century before many countries had a probation service.

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29.

Arrange the following sequence in which they proceed in the Jail Administration Process. Use the codes given below :

I. Quarantine
II. Admission
III. Classification
IV. Release

Codes

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

In jail administration a prisoner is first admitted (II), then kept in quarantine (I), then classified (III) and finally released (IV). So the order is II, I, III, IV, option A. Options B and C put quarantine before admission, which is impossible since a person must be admitted first, and option D reverses the whole process, putting release before admission. The sequence follows the order of events as a prisoner enters and leaves the prison system, beginning with the admission register and ending with release or transfer.

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30.

An administrative action to remove a person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions is called

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

An administrative action to remove a person from parole status in response to a violation of the conditions is called parole revocation. Probation revocation is the equivalent for a person on probation, a split sentence combines incarceration and probation, and 'parole restitution' is not a recognised term. So the answer is Parole revocation. When parole is revoked the person goes back to prison to serve the rest of the sentence, whereas probation is a sentence served in the community in place of prison.

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