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Geomorphology Questions and Answers

261.

Identify the order of the stream at the section marked 'X'.

A drainage network of streams joining downstream, with the point X marked on the main stream below the confluence of the upper tributaries

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The stream at X is of the fourth order, by Strahler's method. Streams with no tributaries are of the first order. Where two streams of the same order meet, the stream below is of the next higher order, and where a stream meets one of lower order it keeps its own order.

In the figure the upper left branches give two second order streams that meet to make a third order stream, and a third order stream formed by two second order streams from the right joins it just above X. Two third order streams meeting give a fourth order stream, so the answer is 4 and not 2, 3 or 5. The lower tributaries join below X.

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262.

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given :

List - I (Land form)List - II (Agenta of Denudation)
(a) Monadnocks1. Wind
(b) Blind valley2. Glacier
(c) Drumlin3. River
(d) Dreikanter4. Ground Water

Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The correct matches are monadnocks with the river, blind valley with ground water, drumlin with the glacier and dreikanter with the wind, which is the code 3 4 2 1. A monadnock is a residual hill left standing on a plain worn down by rivers. A blind valley is a feature of karst country cut by underground water. A drumlin is an egg shaped hill of glacial till, and a dreikanter is a wind faceted pebble with three edges.

The other codes give monadnock to the wind or the glacier, and these are wrong, because glaciers and winds do not make monadnocks.

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263.

Ria is an example of

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

A ria is an example of a submerged upland shore. It is a drowned river valley, formed when the sea rose or the land sank so that the lower part of a river valley was flooded, as in southwest Ireland and the coast of Spain.

An emerged upland shore is one uplifted from the sea, a neutral shore has no change of level in its making, such as a delta or an alluvial plain, and a compound shore shows signs of both emergence and submergence. A ria shows only drowning.

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264.

The Drift Theory of Wegener was postulated mainly to explain

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The key takes option C: Wegener's drift theory was put forward mainly to explain major climatic changes. Wegener, who was a meteorologist, was struck by evidence of past climates in places where the present climate is quite different, such as glacial deposits in the tropics and coal in polar lands, and he reasoned that the continents had moved. The fit of the coasts and the likeness of rocks, in option D, were used as supporting evidence, and the distribution of landforms and the ice age, in options A and B, were not the main problem he set out to explain.

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265.

Which of the following groups is produced by erosion ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Playa, pinnacles and swallow holes are the group produced by erosion, option D. Pinnacles and swallow holes are formed by the solution and erosion of limestone in karst country, and a playa is a dry lake basin in a desert that comes from the erosion and the removal of material in a closed basin. Drumlins, eskers, outwash plains and moraines are depositional forms of glaciers, and levees are depositional forms of rivers, so options A, B and C contain depositional features.

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266.

As per the theory of platetectonics which of the following is a super continent ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The key takes option A: Eurasia is the item named as a super continent under the theory of plate tectonics. A super continent is a very large landmass that contains most of the continental crust, and in the scheme of the question Eurasia is the one given as such, since the huge landmass of Europe and Asia sits on a single large plate. Africa, Antarctica and Australia are separate continents of a smaller size. The other options name places, people or terms that the subject does not connect with this question, so only the keyed option stands.

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267.

The direction of a horizontal line on an inclined rock strata is a

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The direction of a horizontal line on an inclined rock stratum is the strike, option B. The dip is the angle at which the bed slopes and is measured at right angles to the strike, in the direction of the steepest slope. A syncline and an anticline are folds, a downfold and an upfold, and not directions of a line on a bed, so options C and D are wrong. The other options name places, people or terms that the subject does not connect with this question, so only the keyed option stands.

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268.

Sunda peninsula was submerged in the Pacific Ocean due to

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The key takes option C: the Sunda peninsula was submerged in the Pacific Ocean by the subduction of plates into the ocean. When one plate sinks under another along a trench, the land on the upper plate can be pulled down and drowned, and the region of the Sunda shelf and the Indonesian arc is a zone of subduction. Constructive activity and sea floor spreading build new crust at the ridges and do not submerge a land, so options A and D are wrong. Option B is a general phrase that does not describe the process.

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269.

Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using codes given below :

List - IList - II
a. Endogenetic forcei. Exfoliation
b. Geosynclineii. Mediterranean sea
c. Weatheringiii. Laurasia
d. Continental Driftiv. Orogenesis

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii, option C. An endogenetic force is a force from within the earth that causes orogenesis, a geosyncline is a long trough of sediments, of which the Mediterranean sea is the surviving remnant of the old Tethys, weathering includes the process of exfoliation, and continental drift is linked with the northern super continent of Laurasia. Options A, B and D mismatch at least two of the pairs. Each row is checked against the four codes in turn, since a single wrongly paired item rules a code out and only one code is right for all four rows.

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270.

Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using codes given below :

List - IList - II
a. Palaenteological Evidencei. Coast lines of S. America and Africa
b. Biological Evidenceii. Glossopteris
c. Jig-saw-Fit Evidenceiii. Lystrosaurs fossils
d. Land Bridgesiv. Marsupials

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The key takes the matching a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv, option C. Fossils of Lystrosaurus are the palaeontological evidence, the occurrence of Glossopteris is given as the biological evidence in the list, the fit of the coast lines of South America and Africa is the jig-saw fit, and marsupials are given as the evidence for the land bridges. Options A, B and D put the coast lines or the fossils under another heading, so they do not fit the key. Each row is checked against the four codes in turn, since a single wrongly paired item rules a code out and only one code is right for all four rows.

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