Environmental Geography Questions and Answers

Q: Consider the statements A, B, C on dolphin and choose the correct answer :A. Dolphins are found in the fresh water of river Ganga and Brahmaputra.B. Dolphin sanctuary is located in the state of Bihar.C. The presence of dolphin is an indicator of the health of the river.

The key's answer is A, B, C all are correct.A is correct: the Ganges river dolphin lives in the fresh water of the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system (and in the Meghna and Karnaphuli). B is correct: the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary lies on the Ganga near Bhagalpur in Bihar, a protected area set up for this dolphin. C is correct: the dolphin needs clean, deep and flowing water, so its presence is taken as an indicator of a healthy river; it was declared India's national aquatic animal in 2009.Since all three statements are true, the options calling A, B or C incorrect are wrong.

Q: Which of the following statements help in sustainable development with reference to present day resource availability ?(a) Reducing consumption of resources(b) Increasing resource use(c) Recycling resources(d) Reusing thingsChoose the correct options :

The statements that help sustainable development are (a), (c) and (d).Sustainable development means using resources carefully so that present needs are met while enough is left for future generations. Reducing consumption (a), recycling (c) and reusing things (d), the 'three Rs', all lower the demand on limited resources.Increasing resource use (b) works against sustainability and would deplete resources faster, so every option that includes (b) is wrong.

Q: Statements A and B describe the features of which of the following vegetations ?A. This vegetation is found in the higher latitudes (50° - 70°) of Northern Hemisphere.B. It is also called as Taiga.

The statements describe coniferous forests.The coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere lie in the higher latitudes, roughly 50° to 70° N, in Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia. They are also called taiga, and are made up of tall softwood evergreens such as pine, fir and spruce.Temperate grasslands and temperate deciduous forests lie in the mid-latitudes, and Mediterranean vegetation is found around the Mediterranean Sea and on the west coasts of continents near 30°-40°.

Q: Shelter belts help in :

Shelter belts help in checking wind movement to protect soil cover.Shelter belts are rows of trees planted to break the force of the wind. They are used in dry and coastal areas, such as western India, to check wind erosion and the movement of sand dunes and so protect the soil cover.Slowing water flow and preventing gullies are the work of other measures, such as contour ploughing, terracing, check dams and contour barriers. Mulching is the usual method for retaining soil moisture.

Q: Choose the measures to control soil erosion and depletion from the following.(a) Mulching(b) Over grazing(c) Terrace farming(d) Inter croppingChoose the correct option :

The measures are (a), (c), (d) only: mulching, terrace farming and inter cropping.Mulching covers the bare soil between plants with a layer of organic matter such as straw, which protects it from rain and wind and retains moisture. Terrace farming cuts broad steps into hill slopes, slowing the flow of water so that it does not wash the soil away. Inter cropping grows different crops in alternate rows, so the soil is covered at different times and is protected from rain wash, and different crops use the soil's nutrients differently.Over grazing (b) is a cause of soil erosion: animals strip the vegetation that holds the soil together. Every option including (b) is therefore wrong.

Q: Which of the following statements are correct about Amazon basin ?(a) This region is characterized by hot and wet climate throughout the year.(b) People practice 'slash and burn' agriculture.(c) People mainly grow paddy.(d) Aircrafts and helicopters are also used for reaching various places in the basin.Choose the correct option :

The correct statements are Only (a), (b) and (d).The Amazon basin lies on the equator, so it is hot and wet throughout the year (a). People clear patches of forest, burn the vegetation and grow crops for a few years before moving on, which is slash and burn agriculture (b). The dense forest and the many rivers make roads difficult, so aeroplanes and helicopters are used to reach various places in the basin (d).Statement (c) is wrong. The staple crop of the Amazon's people is cassava (manioc), along with crops such as maize, sweet potatoes and bananas; paddy (rice) is not their main crop. Options containing (c) are therefore wrong.

Q: The water holding capacity is highest in :

Water holding capacity is highest in clayey soil.Clay particles are the finest of all soil particles. Their huge combined surface area and the tiny pores between them hold water by adhesion and capillarity, so a clayey soil soaks up and retains much more water than the others, which is also why it becomes waterlogged and sticky when wet.Sandy soil has large particles and large pores, so water drains through it quickly and its capacity is the lowest. Loamy soil is a balanced mixture and holds a moderate amount, and a mixture of sand and loam holds less again because of the extra sand.

Q: Which of the following is post disaster measure ?

The post-disaster measure is Reconstruction.Disaster management is described as a cycle: mitigation and preparedness before a disaster, response during it, and recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction after it. Rebuilding houses, roads and services is done only once the disaster has struck.Early warning, land-use zoning and planning and policies are all pre-disaster measures meant to reduce the damage before it happens.

Q: When was National Disaster Management Authority formed ?

The National Disaster Management Authority was formed in 2005.The government set up the NDMA by an executive order in May 2005, and the Disaster Management Act, passed in December 2005, gave it statutory status as the apex body for disaster management, chaired by the Prime Minister.2006 is the year the National Disaster Response Force was constituted under the same Act. 2008 and 2011 have no connection with the formation of the NDMA.

21.

Consider the statements A, B, C on dolphin and choose the correct answer :

A. Dolphins are found in the fresh water of river Ganga and Brahmaputra.
B. Dolphin sanctuary is located in the state of Bihar.
C. The presence of dolphin is an indicator of the health of the river.

A.A, B, C all are correct.
B.A and C are correct but B is incorrect.
C.B and C are correct but A is incorrect.
D.A and B are correct but C is incorrect.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2021,

Answer: A

The key's answer is A, B, C all are correct.

A is correct: the Ganges river dolphin lives in the fresh water of the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system (and in the Meghna and Karnaphuli). B is correct: the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary lies on the Ganga near Bhagalpur in Bihar, a protected area set up for this dolphin. C is correct: the dolphin needs clean, deep and flowing water, so its presence is taken as an indicator of a healthy river; it was declared India's national aquatic animal in 2009.

Since all three statements are true, the options calling A, B or C incorrect are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

22.

Which of the following statements help in sustainable development with reference to present day resource availability ?

(a) Reducing consumption of resources
(b) Increasing resource use
(c) Recycling resources
(d) Reusing things

Choose the correct options :

A.(a), (c), (d)
B.(a), (b), (c)
C.(b), (c), (d)
D.(a), (b), (d)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: A

The statements that help sustainable development are (a), (c) and (d).

Sustainable development means using resources carefully so that present needs are met while enough is left for future generations. Reducing consumption (a), recycling (c) and reusing things (d), the 'three Rs', all lower the demand on limited resources.

Increasing resource use (b) works against sustainability and would deplete resources faster, so every option that includes (b) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

23.

Statements A and B describe the features of which of the following vegetations ?

A. This vegetation is found in the higher latitudes (50° - 70°) of Northern Hemisphere.
B. It is also called as Taiga.

A.Temperate Grasslands.
B.Temperate Deciduous Forests.
C.Coniferous Forests.
D.Mediterranean Vegetation.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: C

The statements describe coniferous forests.

The coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere lie in the higher latitudes, roughly 50° to 70° N, in Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia. They are also called taiga, and are made up of tall softwood evergreens such as pine, fir and spruce.

Temperate grasslands and temperate deciduous forests lie in the mid-latitudes, and Mediterranean vegetation is found around the Mediterranean Sea and on the west coasts of continents near 30°-40°.

Discuss in Forum

24.

Shelter belts help in :

A.Checking wind movement to protect soil cover.
B.Retaining soil moisture.
C.Slowing down the flow of water over soil.
D.Preventing gullies and hence further soil loss.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: A

Shelter belts help in checking wind movement to protect soil cover.

Shelter belts are rows of trees planted to break the force of the wind. They are used in dry and coastal areas, such as western India, to check wind erosion and the movement of sand dunes and so protect the soil cover.

Slowing water flow and preventing gullies are the work of other measures, such as contour ploughing, terracing, check dams and contour barriers. Mulching is the usual method for retaining soil moisture.

Discuss in Forum

25.

Choose the measures to control soil erosion and depletion from the following.

(a) Mulching
(b) Over grazing
(c) Terrace farming
(d) Inter cropping

Choose the correct option :

A.(a), (b), (c) only
B.(a), (c), (d) only
C.(a), (b), (d) only
D.(b), (c), (d) only

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

The measures are (a), (c), (d) only: mulching, terrace farming and inter cropping.

Mulching covers the bare soil between plants with a layer of organic matter such as straw, which protects it from rain and wind and retains moisture. Terrace farming cuts broad steps into hill slopes, slowing the flow of water so that it does not wash the soil away. Inter cropping grows different crops in alternate rows, so the soil is covered at different times and is protected from rain wash, and different crops use the soil's nutrients differently.

Over grazing (b) is a cause of soil erosion: animals strip the vegetation that holds the soil together. Every option including (b) is therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Which of the following statements are correct about Amazon basin ?

(a) This region is characterized by hot and wet climate throughout the year.
(b) People practice 'slash and burn' agriculture.
(c) People mainly grow paddy.
(d) Aircrafts and helicopters are also used for reaching various places in the basin.

Choose the correct option :

A.Only (a), (b) and (c)
B.Only (b), (c) and (d)
C.Only (a), (c) and (d)
D.Only (a), (b) and (d)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: D

The correct statements are Only (a), (b) and (d).

The Amazon basin lies on the equator, so it is hot and wet throughout the year (a). People clear patches of forest, burn the vegetation and grow crops for a few years before moving on, which is slash and burn agriculture (b). The dense forest and the many rivers make roads difficult, so aeroplanes and helicopters are used to reach various places in the basin (d).

Statement (c) is wrong. The staple crop of the Amazon's people is cassava (manioc), along with crops such as maize, sweet potatoes and bananas; paddy (rice) is not their main crop. Options containing (c) are therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

27.

The water holding capacity is highest in :

A.Sandy soil
B.Clayey soil
C.Loamy soil
D.Mixture of sand and loam

Exam Year(s)

HPPSC HPAS - 2021,

Answer: B

Water holding capacity is highest in clayey soil.

Clay particles are the finest of all soil particles. Their huge combined surface area and the tiny pores between them hold water by adhesion and capillarity, so a clayey soil soaks up and retains much more water than the others, which is also why it becomes waterlogged and sticky when wet.

Sandy soil has large particles and large pores, so water drains through it quickly and its capacity is the lowest. Loamy soil is a balanced mixture and holds a moderate amount, and a mixture of sand and loam holds less again because of the extra sand.

Discuss in Forum

28.

When was the National Centre for Disaster Management established in India ?

A.2005
B.1975
C.1995
D.1985

Exam Year(s)

HPPSC HPAS - 2025,

Answer: C

The National Centre for Disaster Management was established in 1995.

The NCDM was set up in 1995 at the Indian Institute of Public Administration in New Delhi to train officials and research disaster management. It was upgraded and renamed the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) in 2003, and the Disaster Management Act of 2005 made the NIDM a statutory body.

2005 is the year of the Disaster Management Act and of the National Disaster Management Authority. 1975 and 1985 are not connected with the Centre.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Which of the following is post disaster measure ?

A.Early warning
B.Zoning
C.Reconstruction
D.Planning and Policies

Exam Year(s)

JPSC Civil Services - 2021,

Answer: C

The post-disaster measure is Reconstruction.

Disaster management is described as a cycle: mitigation and preparedness before a disaster, response during it, and recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction after it. Rebuilding houses, roads and services is done only once the disaster has struck.

Early warning, land-use zoning and planning and policies are all pre-disaster measures meant to reduce the damage before it happens.

Discuss in Forum

30.

When was National Disaster Management Authority formed ?

A.2005
B.2006
C.2008
D.2011

Exam Year(s)

JPSC Civil Services - 2021,

Answer: A

The National Disaster Management Authority was formed in 2005.

The government set up the NDMA by an executive order in May 2005, and the Disaster Management Act, passed in December 2005, gave it statutory status as the apex body for disaster management, chaired by the Prime Minister.

2006 is the year the National Disaster Response Force was constituted under the same Act. 2008 and 2011 have no connection with the formation of the NDMA.

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