Match the molecules in Column-I with their correct property/function in Column-IIColumn-IColumn-IIP. RNase P1. rRNA gene transcriptionQ. RNA Polymerase-I2. Gene silencingR. siRNA3. Cas9-mediated genome editingS. Guide RNA4. Ribozymes5. tRNA gene transcription

The correct match is P-4 ; Q-1 ; R-2 ; S-3.RNase P processes the 5' end of pre-tRNA, and its catalytic subunit is RNA, which makes it one of the classic ribozymes (4).RNA polymerase I transcribes the large rRNA genes in the nucleolus (1).siRNAs guide the RISC complex to complementary mRNA, causing its cleavage: gene silencing by RNA interference (2).A guide RNA directs the Cas9 nuclease to its DNA target in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing (3).Item 5, tRNA gene transcription, is the job of RNA polymerase III, the trap in the first option. The other options also give RNase P or siRNA roles they do not have.

Transcription in Eukaryotes Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following transcription factor act as positioning factor for RNA polymerase II and binds to the promoter ?

The positioning factor for RNA polymerase II is TF II D (TFIID).Each eukaryotic RNA polymerase is brought to its promoter by a positioning factor that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP). For RNA polymerase II this is TFIID, made of TBP and TBP-associated factors (TAFs). TBP binds the TATA box, bending the DNA sharply, and the TAFs contact other core promoter elements such as the initiator. This is the first step in assembling the preinitiation complex.TFIIB binds next, to TFIID and the DNA, and helps fix the polymerase's start site, but it needs TFIID already in place. TFIIE joins later and recruits TFIIH. TFIIC is not one of the general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II (TFIIIC serves RNA polymerase III).

Q: In Eukaryotes, the promoter sequence TATA box is located at :

The TATA box lies 25 to 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription site.In eukaryotic promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II, the TATA box (consensus TATAAA) is found about 25 to 30 base pairs before the transcription start site. It is bound by the TATA-binding protein, part of TFIID, which bends the DNA and nucleates the assembly of the preinitiation complex that positions the polymerase.'10 to 15 upstream' is close to the bacterial Pribnow box, which sits at about -10. Positions downstream of the start site are within the transcribed region, where the TATA box is not found (downstream promoter elements are a separate, less common element), so the two 'downstream' options are wrong.

Q: Which of the following transcription factor phosphorylates Carboxy Terminal Domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase-II ?

The CTD is phosphorylated by TFIIH.TFIIH has a kinase subunit, CDK7 with cyclin H, which phosphorylates serine 5 of the heptad repeats in the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. This helps the polymerase escape the promoter and recruits capping enzymes. TFIIH also has helicase activity that opens the DNA.TFIIA stabilises TBP binding to the TATA box, TFIIB helps position the polymerase and select the start site, and TFIIE recruits and regulates TFIIH. None of them is the CTD kinase.

Match the molecules in Column-I with their correct property/function in Column-II

Column-I	Column-II
P. RNase P	1. rRNA gene transcription
Q. RNA Polymerase-I	2. Gene silencing
R. siRNA	3. Cas9-mediated genome editing
S. Guide RNA	4. Ribozymes
	5. tRNA gene transcription

A.P-4 ; Q-5 ; R-2 ; S-3
B.P-5 ; Q-1 ; R-3 ; S-4
C.P-4 ; Q-1 ; R-2 ; S-3
D.P-1 ; Q-3 ; R-4 ; S-2

Exam Year(s)

GATE Life Sciences - 2025,

Answer: C

The correct match is P-4 ; Q-1 ; R-2 ; S-3.

RNase P processes the 5' end of pre-tRNA, and its catalytic subunit is RNA, which makes it one of the classic ribozymes (4).
RNA polymerase I transcribes the large rRNA genes in the nucleolus (1).
siRNAs guide the RISC complex to complementary mRNA, causing its cleavage: gene silencing by RNA interference (2).
A guide RNA directs the Cas9 nuclease to its DNA target in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing (3).

Item 5, tRNA gene transcription, is the job of RNA polymerase III, the trap in the first option. The other options also give RNase P or siRNA roles they do not have.

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Which of the following transcription factor act as positioning factor for RNA polymerase II and binds to the promoter ?

A.TF II B
B.TF II C
C.TF II D
D.TF II E

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

The positioning factor for RNA polymerase II is TF II D (TFIID).

Each eukaryotic RNA polymerase is brought to its promoter by a positioning factor that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP). For RNA polymerase II this is TFIID, made of TBP and TBP-associated factors (TAFs). TBP binds the TATA box, bending the DNA sharply, and the TAFs contact other core promoter elements such as the initiator. This is the first step in assembling the preinitiation complex.

TFIIB binds next, to TFIID and the DNA, and helps fix the polymerase's start site, but it needs TFIID already in place. TFIIE joins later and recruits TFIIH. TFIIC is not one of the general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II (TFIIIC serves RNA polymerase III).

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In Eukaryotes, the promoter sequence TATA box is located at :

A.10 to 15 base pairs upstream of transcription site
B.10 to 15 base pairs downstream of transcription site
C.25 to 35 upstream of transcription site
D.25 to 35 downstream of transcription site

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The TATA box lies 25 to 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription site.

In eukaryotic promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II, the TATA box (consensus TATAAA) is found about 25 to 30 base pairs before the transcription start site. It is bound by the TATA-binding protein, part of TFIID, which bends the DNA and nucleates the assembly of the preinitiation complex that positions the polymerase.

'10 to 15 upstream' is close to the bacterial Pribnow box, which sits at about -10. Positions downstream of the start site are within the transcribed region, where the TATA box is not found (downstream promoter elements are a separate, less common element), so the two 'downstream' options are wrong.

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Which of the following transcription factor phosphorylates Carboxy Terminal Domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase-II ?

A.TFIIA
B.TFIIH
C.TFIIB
D.TFIIE

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The CTD is phosphorylated by TFIIH.

TFIIH has a kinase subunit, CDK7 with cyclin H, which phosphorylates serine 5 of the heptad repeats in the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. This helps the polymerase escape the promoter and recruits capping enzymes. TFIIH also has helicase activity that opens the DNA.

TFIIA stabilises TBP binding to the TATA box, TFIIB helps position the polymerase and select the start site, and TFIIE recruits and regulates TFIIH. None of them is the CTD kinase.

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