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Extension and Community Development Questions and Answers

171.

Arrange the following government extension efforts in the chronological order of their inception :

a. Etawah Pilot Project
b. Communitydevelopment Programme
c. Lab to Land project
d. Krishi Vigyan Kendra
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: A

In order of inception the efforts are Etawah Pilot Project, Community Development Programme, Krishi Vigyan Kendra and Lab to Land, so a, b, d, c.

The Etawah project began in 1948, the Community Development Programme in 1952, the Krishi Vigyan Kendras in 1974 and the Lab to Land programme in 1979.

The other options reverse this or put the Krishi Vigyan Kendra after Lab to Land.

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172.

Match the areas in List-I with the areas in List-II.

List-IList-II
a. NCPCRi. Women's rights
b. NHRCii. Child right
c. NCWiii. Disability issues
d. RCIiv. Human rights
v. Destitute children

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

The correct match is NCPCR with child rights, NHRC with human rights, NCW with women's rights and RCI with disability issues, so ii iv i iii.

The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights deals with children, the National Human Rights Commission with human rights, the National Commission for Women with women, and the Rehabilitation Council of India with rehabilitation and training for persons with disabilities.

The other codes mix up these bodies, such as giving the NCW the human rights area.

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173.

Match the development programmes from List-I with its development issues from List-II.

List-IList-II
a. NRHMi. Education
b. ICDSii. Health
c. MGNREGAiii. Employment
d. DPEPiv. Nutrition
v. Environment

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The correct match is NRHM with health, ICDS with nutrition, MGNREGA with employment and DPEP with education, so ii iv iii i.

The National Rural Health Mission is a health programme, the Integrated Child Development Services provides nutrition, MGNREGA guarantees wage employment, and the District Primary Education Programme is for education.

The other codes pair NRHM with education or DPEP with environment, which is wrong.

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Answer: C

The 8th of March is celebrated as International Women's Day. It marks the achievements of women and the call for equality.


International Environment Day is on 5 June and Energy Day is on a different date. Sanitation is observed on another day, so none of these others is the 8th of March. The date goes back to early twentieth century women's movements and was adopted by the United Nations, which is why it is observed worldwide.

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175.

HDI is calculated using

(a) Educational attainment
(b) Life expectancy
(c) Sex ratio
(d) Real GDP
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The Human Development Index is calculated from educational attainment, life expectancy and real GDP per capita, which are (a), (b) and (d). They stand for knowledge, a long and healthy life and a decent standard of living.


The sex ratio is not one of the components of the HDI, so the options containing (c) are wrong. The index combines the three dimensions as an average, so a measure of the sex ratio, which is a demographic count, does not enter its calculation.

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176.

Assertion (A) : Micro-credit is an important mechanism for economic empowerment of women.

Reason (R) : Self Help Groups use Micro credit for promoting entrepreneurship.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: D

Both statements are true and the reason is the right reason. Micro-credit gives poor women small loans without the collateral banks ask for, and so is an important means of economic empowerment of women.


Self Help Groups are the channel through which the credit is used to promote entrepreneurship, so the reason explains how the assertion works. The options calling either statement false, or the reason not the right one, are rejected.

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177.

The steps in developing a programme for extension work includes the following sequence :

a. setting up the objectives.
b. determining the important needs and interests of people.
c. identifying local leaders.
d. studying the situation.
e. setting up a planning committee. f. developing a system to prioritize problems.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: A

The keyed sequence is d, c, e, b, a and f: the situation is studied, local leaders are identified, a planning committee is set up, the important needs and interests of the people are determined, the objectives are set up, and a system to prioritise problems is developed.


The sequence in the second option puts the system to prioritise problems before the objectives, which has some logic, but the key takes the order as given. The other options begin with the objectives or end with the study of the situation, which is clearly wrong.

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178.

Arrange the following development programmes according to their year of inception in descending order :

a. Community Development Programme.
b. Integrated Child Development Services.
c. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.
d. National Rural Health Mission.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The descending order of year of inception is d, c, b, a. The National Rural Health Mission and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme are the most recent, from 2005 and 2006, the Integrated Child Development Services dates from 1975 and the Community Development Programme from 1952.


The options that begin with the Community Development Programme list the programmes in ascending order, so they are the wrong way round.

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179.

Arrange the following phases of diffusion of innovation model of adoption of technology in sequential order.

a. Decision
b. Confirmation
c. Persuasion
d. Knowledge
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

The phases of the diffusion of innovation model in order are knowledge, persuasion, decision and confirmation, which is d, c, a, b. The adopter first learns of the innovation, forms an attitude towards it, decides to adopt or reject it, and finally seeks confirmation of that decision.


The options that place confirmation before the decision, or the decision first, reverse the order of Rogers's stages. Rogers described these as stages in an individual's adoption of a new idea, and the sequence cannot start with confirmation.

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