Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below :List IList II(a) College of Fort William (Calcutta)(1) 1806(b) The Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto)(2) 1909(c) Simon Commission(3) 1927(d) The Government of India Act (Montague-Chelmsford)(4) 1919Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

The correct matching is a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4.The College of Fort William at Calcutta was founded by Lord Wellesley in 1800. The list's 1806 is not its founding year, but it is the only date left for it once the other three are placed.The Indian Councils Act (Morley-Minto Reforms) was passed in 1909.The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927.The Government of India Act (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) was passed in 1919.The last three dates are certain, and only the first code gives (2), (3) and (4) for b, c and d, so it is the answer whatever reading is taken of the first pair.

Indian Administration Questions and Answers

Q: How many broad areas of specialization have been recommended by second ARC for organising the administrative machinery ?

The keyed answer is 8.The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (set up in 2005 under Veerappa Moily) dealt with the organisational structure of the Government of India in its 13th report, published in 2009. The key credits it with recommending eight broad areas of specialisation for organising the administrative machinery.I could not find the passage that states this number in the sources available to me, so I cannot say why 2, 4 or 10 are wrong beyond the fact that the key does not give them. The answer rests on the key.

Q: Which of the recommendations given below were made by the National Police Commission to curb the misuse of the police ?(a) Tenured office of the chief of police(b) Constitution of permanent state security commission(c) To implement measures to hold police accountable to the people, to the law and organisation.Select the correct codes :

All three, (a), (b) and (c), were recommended.The National Police Commission (1977-81), chaired by Dharma Vira, sought to insulate the police from illegitimate political interference. It recommended a fixed tenure for the chief of police of a state, so that he could not be removed arbitrarily; a statutory State Security Commission to lay down policy and review police performance; and measures to make the police accountable to the people, to the law and to the organisation.These recommendations were later revived by the Supreme Court in Prakash Singh v. Union of India (2006). Codes leaving out any of them are incomplete.

Q: Constitution of NITI Aayog in 2015 is :(a) An ideological response to change socio-economic milieu(b) A response to post-colonial dirigisme state(c) Considered as critical in growth and developmentAnswer the question using the codes given below :Codes :

The keyed answer is (a), (b) and (c), all three.NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission by a resolution of the Union Cabinet on 1 January 2015. The key accepts all three descriptions: it was a response to the changed socio-economic setting after liberalisation, an ideological break from the post-colonial, state-directed (dirigiste) planning of the Planning Commission, and an institution regarded as important for growth and development.These are interpretive characterisations, not facts from the founding resolution, and I could not find a single source that states all three; the question follows the key's reading. Options B, C and D each leave out at least one of the three.

Q: Which of the given below is an executive body ?

The executive body is the Staff Selection Commission.The Staff Selection Commission was set up in 1975 by a resolution of the Government of India and later made an attached office of the Department of Personnel and Training. It has no constitutional or statutory basis; it exists by executive decision, which is what makes it an executive body.The National Commission for Minorities (National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992) and the National Commission for Women (National Commission for Women Act, 1990) are statutory bodies, created by Acts of Parliament. The Election Commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.

Q: Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List IList II(a) Yukta(1) Preparation of annual budget(b) Samaharta(2) Servant of the lowest level(c) Tatpurusha(3) Head of department(d) Adhyaksha(4) Incharge of record-cum-audit office

The correct matching is a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4.In Kautilya's Arthashastra the samaharta, the collector-general, was responsible for the collection of revenue and for preparing the annual budget of income and expenditure (b-1). The tatpurusha were the lowest grade of subordinate servants (c-2). The key pairs the yukta, a class of officers, with the head of a department (a-3), and the adhyaksha, the superintendent, with the record-cum-audit office (d-4), whose superintendent was the akshapataladhyaksha.Only option B gives the budget to the samaharta and the lowest-level service to the tatpurusha; options A, C and D all misplace the samaharta.

Q: The selections, according to Kautilya's Aarthshastra should be based upon :

Kautilya based selection on merit.The Arthashastra lays down the qualifications expected of ministers and officials (amatyas): learning, skill, integrity, loyalty and practical ability. Candidates were to be tested, including by secret tests of character known as upadha, which checked them against temptations of piety, wealth, lust and fear before they were placed in suitable posts. This amounts to selection on merit.Kautilya did not make appointment depend on patronage, on caste as such, or on heredity, which is why those options are wrong.

Q: In the Rigvedic period a group of villages was known as :

The key's answer is the Vish.In the usual textbook account of Rigvedic social and political organisation, the units rise from the kula (family) to the grama (village), the vish (a larger clan settlement, a group of villages) and the jana (the tribe). The vish was headed by the vishpati, the jana by the king (rajan).The kula was the family, the smallest unit, so it cannot be a group of villages. The janapada, a territorial state, belongs to the later Vedic period and after, not the Rigvedic. 'Gopa' was not the name of a group of villages.

Q: A Subhah in the Mughal administrative system means :

A subah meant provincial administration.Akbar divided the Mughal empire into subahs, or provinces, each under a subahdar (governor), with a diwan in charge of revenue, a bakhshi for military affairs, a sadr and qazi for religious and judicial matters, and other officers modelled on the central government. At the end of his reign there were fifteen subahs.Below the subah came the sarkar (district) and the pargana, which was a group of villages, with the village at the base, and towns were under the kotwal. So local, town and village administration were all smaller units than the subah.

41.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below :

List I	List II
(a) College of Fort William (Calcutta)	(1) 1806
(b) The Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto)	(2) 1909
(c) Simon Commission	(3) 1927
(d) The Government of India Act (Montague-Chelmsford)	(4) 1919

Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

A.(1) (2) (3) (4)
B.(1) (4) (3) (2)
C.(4) (2) (3) (1)
D.(3) (4) (1) (2)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The correct matching is a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4.

The College of Fort William at Calcutta was founded by Lord Wellesley in 1800. The list's 1806 is not its founding year, but it is the only date left for it once the other three are placed.
The Indian Councils Act (Morley-Minto Reforms) was passed in 1909.
The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927.
The Government of India Act (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) was passed in 1919.

The last three dates are certain, and only the first code gives (2), (3) and (4) for b, c and d, so it is the answer whatever reading is taken of the first pair.

Discuss in Forum

42.

How many broad areas of specialization have been recommended by second ARC for organising the administrative machinery ?

A.2
B.4
C.8
D.10

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

The keyed answer is 8.

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (set up in 2005 under Veerappa Moily) dealt with the organisational structure of the Government of India in its 13th report, published in 2009. The key credits it with recommending eight broad areas of specialisation for organising the administrative machinery.

I could not find the passage that states this number in the sources available to me, so I cannot say why 2, 4 or 10 are wrong beyond the fact that the key does not give them. The answer rests on the key.

Discuss in Forum

43.

Which of the recommendations given below were made by the National Police Commission to curb the misuse of the police ?

(a) Tenured office of the chief of police
(b) Constitution of permanent state security commission
(c) To implement measures to hold police accountable to the people, to the law and organisation.

Select the correct codes :

A.(a), (b) and (c)
B.Only (a) and (c)
C.Only (b)
D.Only (c)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

All three, (a), (b) and (c), were recommended.

The National Police Commission (1977-81), chaired by Dharma Vira, sought to insulate the police from illegitimate political interference. It recommended a fixed tenure for the chief of police of a state, so that he could not be removed arbitrarily; a statutory State Security Commission to lay down policy and review police performance; and measures to make the police accountable to the people, to the law and to the organisation.

These recommendations were later revived by the Supreme Court in Prakash Singh v. Union of India (2006). Codes leaving out any of them are incomplete.

Discuss in Forum

44.

Constitution of NITI Aayog in 2015 is :

(a) An ideological response to change socio-economic milieu
(b) A response to post-colonial dirigisme state
(c) Considered as critical in growth and development

Answer the question using the codes given below :

Codes :

A.(a), (b) and (c)
B.Only (c)
C.Only (a) and (b)
D.Only (b) and (c)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The keyed answer is (a), (b) and (c), all three.

NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission by a resolution of the Union Cabinet on 1 January 2015. The key accepts all three descriptions: it was a response to the changed socio-economic setting after liberalisation, an ideological break from the post-colonial, state-directed (dirigiste) planning of the Planning Commission, and an institution regarded as important for growth and development.

These are interpretive characterisations, not facts from the founding resolution, and I could not find a single source that states all three; the question follows the key's reading. Options B, C and D each leave out at least one of the three.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Which of the given below is an executive body ?

A.The Staff Selection Commission
B.The National Commission for Minorities
C.The National Commission for Women
D.Election Commission

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The executive body is the Staff Selection Commission.

The Staff Selection Commission was set up in 1975 by a resolution of the Government of India and later made an attached office of the Department of Personnel and Training. It has no constitutional or statutory basis; it exists by executive decision, which is what makes it an executive body.

The National Commission for Minorities (National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992) and the National Commission for Women (National Commission for Women Act, 1990) are statutory bodies, created by Acts of Parliament. The Election Commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Delegated legislation is an outcome of the positive role of :

A.Citizens
B.Executive
C.Technology
D.Values

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

Delegated legislation is an outcome of the positive role of the executive.

As the state moved from a police state to a welfare state, its functions multiplied and became technical and detailed. Legislatures could lay down only the broad policy, so they delegated power to the executive to make rules, regulations and orders filling in the details. This growth of rule-making by the executive under authority of statute is delegated legislation.

Citizens do not make delegated legislation. Technology and values are among the reasons the volume of law grew, but the institution that exercises the delegated power in its positive, welfare role is the executive.

Discuss in Forum

47.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List I	List II
(a) Yukta	(1) Preparation of annual budget
(b) Samaharta	(2) Servant of the lowest level
(c) Tatpurusha	(3) Head of department
(d) Adhyaksha	(4) Incharge of record-cum-audit office

A.a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
B.a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
C.a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
D.a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The correct matching is a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4.

In Kautilya's Arthashastra the samaharta, the collector-general, was responsible for the collection of revenue and for preparing the annual budget of income and expenditure (b-1). The tatpurusha were the lowest grade of subordinate servants (c-2). The key pairs the yukta, a class of officers, with the head of a department (a-3), and the adhyaksha, the superintendent, with the record-cum-audit office (d-4), whose superintendent was the akshapataladhyaksha.

Only option B gives the budget to the samaharta and the lowest-level service to the tatpurusha; options A, C and D all misplace the samaharta.

Discuss in Forum

48.

The selections, according to Kautilya's Aarthshastra should be based upon :

A.Patronage system
B.Caste
C.Merit
D.Heredity

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

Kautilya based selection on merit.

The Arthashastra lays down the qualifications expected of ministers and officials (amatyas): learning, skill, integrity, loyalty and practical ability. Candidates were to be tested, including by secret tests of character known as upadha, which checked them against temptations of piety, wealth, lust and fear before they were placed in suitable posts. This amounts to selection on merit.

Kautilya did not make appointment depend on patronage, on caste as such, or on heredity, which is why those options are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

49.

In the Rigvedic period a group of villages was known as :

A.The Vish
B.The Kul
C.The Janpada
D.The Gopa

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The key's answer is the Vish.

In the usual textbook account of Rigvedic social and political organisation, the units rise from the kula (family) to the grama (village), the vish (a larger clan settlement, a group of villages) and the jana (the tribe). The vish was headed by the vishpati, the jana by the king (rajan).

The kula was the family, the smallest unit, so it cannot be a group of villages. The janapada, a territorial state, belongs to the later Vedic period and after, not the Rigvedic. 'Gopa' was not the name of a group of villages.

Discuss in Forum

50.

A Subhah in the Mughal administrative system means :

A.Provincial administration
B.Local administration
C.Town administration
D.Village administration

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

A subah meant provincial administration.

Akbar divided the Mughal empire into subahs, or provinces, each under a subahdar (governor), with a diwan in charge of revenue, a bakhshi for military affairs, a sadr and qazi for religious and judicial matters, and other officers modelled on the central government. At the end of his reign there were fifteen subahs.

Below the subah came the sarkar (district) and the pargana, which was a group of villages, with the village at the base, and towns were under the kotwal. So local, town and village administration were all smaller units than the subah.

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