Indian Administration Questions and Answers

Q: Who has recommended three-fold (Imperial, provincial and subordinate) classifications of civil services ?

The three-fold classification was recommended by the Aitchison Commission.The Public Service Commission of 1886-87, chaired by Sir Charles Aitchison, recommended replacing the old division into covenanted and uncovenanted services with three classes: the Imperial (later the all-India) services, the Provincial services and the Subordinate services. This classification shaped the civil services for the rest of British rule.The Islington Commission (1912-15) dealt mainly with the Indianisation of the services and their pay. The Lee Commission (1923-24) recommended the setting up of a Public Service Commission and an increase in Indian recruitment. The Maxwell report of 1937 dealt with the working of the central secretariat, not the classification of the services.

Q: ‘Sandwich Pattern’ of training for the IAS probationers started in :

The 'sandwich pattern' of IAS training started in 1969.Under this pattern, probationers first undergo institutional training at the National Academy of Administration at Mussoorie, then go to their allotted state for practical district training, and then return to the Academy for a final phase. The period in the field is 'sandwiched' between two spells of institutional training, which gives the pattern its name. It was introduced in 1969.1976, 1979 and 1986 all fall after the pattern had begun, so none of them is the year it started. The point to remember is the structure, academy then district then academy, and its start in 1969.

Q: The single window system was first adopted in Union Public Service Commission in the year :

The answer is 2011, the official key, which I could only partly confirm.A UPSC letter reproduced in a Puducherry government circular says the Single Window System for receiving and scrutinising Recruitment Rules proposals began with effect from 1 September 2011. That makes 2011 the first adoption in the Commission, and it matches the key.The system was widened to requisitions for direct recruitment by a DoPT office memorandum of 4 July 2012, which is why 2012 is the tempting alternative. 2013 and 2010 are not tied to any step in its introduction. The question is a recall item on a date, so treat the 2011 reading as the better supported rather than a settled fact.

Q: Which one of the following statements is incorrect regarding the concept of public interest litigation ?

The incorrect statement is It safeguards the interests of Judiciary.Public interest litigation, developed by the Supreme Court from the late 1970s under judges such as P. N. Bhagwati and V. R. Krishna Iyer, relaxed the rule of locus standi so that any public-spirited person could approach the court on behalf of people unable to do so themselves, such as bonded labourers, prisoners or the poor.It is therefore related to social welfare, safeguards the interests of the common man and is a case fought in the interest of the people, so those three statements are correct. A PIL is a means for the judiciary to protect the public, not a device to protect the judiciary's own interests, which makes the last statement the incorrect one.

Q: For civil servants in India, code of conduct facilitates :

The code of conduct facilitates political neutrality.The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules and the All India Services (Conduct) Rules bar civil servants from taking part in politics, joining political parties, canvassing in elections and criticising government policy in public. Their purpose is to keep the services politically neutral, so that they serve any elected government impartially.The rules do not aim at developing administrative skill, which is the job of training. They restrict rather than enlarge a civil servant's freedom, and they have nothing to do with economic advancement ('risement').

Q: Neutrality of civil servants lies in :

Neutrality lies in responding to the government of every complexion.Political neutrality means the civil servant serves whichever party is in power with the same loyalty and efficiency, giving frank advice and then carrying out the policy decided, whatever the colour of the government.Neutrality does not mean indifference to government policies, since civil servants must implement them with commitment. It does not mean keeping away from the public, whom they serve. And it is about conduct, not private belief: a civil servant may hold political views but must not let them affect official work, so 'non-belief in party ideology' misdescribes it.

Q: In the Buddha period, the king was elected for a fixed period and was accountable for his action to :

The key is D, the Sabha. I could not confirm this from a source, so read it as the textbook view.In the Buddhist-era republics (gana-sanghas) such as the Shakyas and Licchavis, the ruler presided over the assembly and acted on its decisions. K. P. Jayaswal's Hindu Polity is the usual source for this view, and the assembly is the body that held the ruler to account. A Sabha was an assembly of the people; a Parishad (B) was an advisory council and the Amatya (A) a minister, both appointed by the king, while the Janapada (C) was the territory or its people at large.I found no source for the specific claim that the king was elected for a fixed period, so the explanation rests on the assembly's role, not on that detail.

Q: For the first time in India by which Act the Governor General of India was given the power of legislating ordinance ?

The Act was the Indian Councils Act, 1861.The Indian Councils Act of 1861 empowered the Governor-General to issue ordinances in an emergency, without the concurrence of the legislative council, valid for six months. This was the first grant of the ordinance-making power in India; it is the ancestor of the President's power under Article 123.The Government of India Act, 1858 transferred power from the East India Company to the Crown. The Indian Councils Act, 1892 enlarged the councils and allowed discussion of the budget. The Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) introduced separate electorates. None first created the ordinance power.

Q: Article 312 of the Indian Constitution provides for .............

Article 312 provides for the creation of the All India Services.Article 312 allows Parliament, if the Rajya Sabha declares by a two-thirds majority that it is necessary in the national interest, to create one or more All India Services common to the Union and the States. The IAS and IPS are deemed to have been created by Parliament under it, and the Indian Forest Service was created under it in 1966.The Union Public Service Commission is provided for in Article 315. Central services are governed by Article 309, which lets the legislature regulate recruitment and conditions of service. Codes of conduct are made as rules under the All India Services Act and Article 309, not created by Article 312.

21.

Who has recommended three-fold (Imperial, provincial and subordinate) classifications of civil services ?

A.Aitchison Commission
B.Lee Commission
C.Maxwell Commission
D.Islington Commission

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The three-fold classification was recommended by the Aitchison Commission.

The Public Service Commission of 1886-87, chaired by Sir Charles Aitchison, recommended replacing the old division into covenanted and uncovenanted services with three classes: the Imperial (later the all-India) services, the Provincial services and the Subordinate services. This classification shaped the civil services for the rest of British rule.

The Islington Commission (1912-15) dealt mainly with the Indianisation of the services and their pay. The Lee Commission (1923-24) recommended the setting up of a Public Service Commission and an increase in Indian recruitment. The Maxwell report of 1937 dealt with the working of the central secretariat, not the classification of the services.

Discuss in Forum

22.

‘Sandwich Pattern’ of training for the IAS probationers started in :

A.1986
B.1976
C.1979
D.1969

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The 'sandwich pattern' of IAS training started in 1969.

Under this pattern, probationers first undergo institutional training at the National Academy of Administration at Mussoorie, then go to their allotted state for practical district training, and then return to the Academy for a final phase. The period in the field is 'sandwiched' between two spells of institutional training, which gives the pattern its name. It was introduced in 1969.

1976, 1979 and 1986 all fall after the pattern had begun, so none of them is the year it started. The point to remember is the structure, academy then district then academy, and its start in 1969.

Discuss in Forum

23.

The single window system was first adopted in Union Public Service Commission in the year :

A.2013
B.2012
C.2011
D.2010

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The answer is 2011, the official key, which I could only partly confirm.

A UPSC letter reproduced in a Puducherry government circular says the Single Window System for receiving and scrutinising Recruitment Rules proposals began with effect from 1 September 2011. That makes 2011 the first adoption in the Commission, and it matches the key.

The system was widened to requisitions for direct recruitment by a DoPT office memorandum of 4 July 2012, which is why 2012 is the tempting alternative. 2013 and 2010 are not tied to any step in its introduction. The question is a recall item on a date, so treat the 2011 reading as the better supported rather than a settled fact.

Discuss in Forum

24.

Which one of the following statements is incorrect regarding the concept of public interest litigation ?

A.It is related to social welfare
B.It safeguards the interests of common man
C.It is a case fought in the interest of people
D.It safeguards the interests of Judiciary

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The incorrect statement is It safeguards the interests of Judiciary.

Public interest litigation, developed by the Supreme Court from the late 1970s under judges such as P. N. Bhagwati and V. R. Krishna Iyer, relaxed the rule of locus standi so that any public-spirited person could approach the court on behalf of people unable to do so themselves, such as bonded labourers, prisoners or the poor.

It is therefore related to social welfare, safeguards the interests of the common man and is a case fought in the interest of the people, so those three statements are correct. A PIL is a means for the judiciary to protect the public, not a device to protect the judiciary's own interests, which makes the last statement the incorrect one.

Discuss in Forum

25.

For civil servants in India, code of conduct facilitates :

A.Administrative skill
B.Economic risement
C.Political neutrality
D.Greater freedom

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The code of conduct facilitates political neutrality.

The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules and the All India Services (Conduct) Rules bar civil servants from taking part in politics, joining political parties, canvassing in elections and criticising government policy in public. Their purpose is to keep the services politically neutral, so that they serve any elected government impartially.

The rules do not aim at developing administrative skill, which is the job of training. They restrict rather than enlarge a civil servant's freedom, and they have nothing to do with economic advancement ('risement').

Discuss in Forum

26.

Neutrality of civil servants lies in :

A.Indifference to the government policies
B.Keeping away from public
C.Non-belief in party ideology
D.Responding to the government of every complexion

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

Neutrality lies in responding to the government of every complexion.

Political neutrality means the civil servant serves whichever party is in power with the same loyalty and efficiency, giving frank advice and then carrying out the policy decided, whatever the colour of the government.

Neutrality does not mean indifference to government policies, since civil servants must implement them with commitment. It does not mean keeping away from the public, whom they serve. And it is about conduct, not private belief: a civil servant may hold political views but must not let them affect official work, so 'non-belief in party ideology' misdescribes it.

Discuss in Forum

27.

In the Buddha period, the king was elected for a fixed period and was accountable for his action to :

A.Amatya
B.Parishad
C.Janpada
D.Sabha

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The key is D, the Sabha. I could not confirm this from a source, so read it as the textbook view.

In the Buddhist-era republics (gana-sanghas) such as the Shakyas and Licchavis, the ruler presided over the assembly and acted on its decisions. K. P. Jayaswal's Hindu Polity is the usual source for this view, and the assembly is the body that held the ruler to account. A Sabha was an assembly of the people; a Parishad (B) was an advisory council and the Amatya (A) a minister, both appointed by the king, while the Janapada (C) was the territory or its people at large.

I found no source for the specific claim that the king was elected for a fixed period, so the explanation rests on the assembly's role, not on that detail.

Discuss in Forum

28.

Who was the Head of Province in the Mughal period ?

A.Subhedar
B.Diwan
C.Fauzdar
D.Prantpal

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The head of a province (subah) in the Mughal period was the Subhedar.

Under Akbar's provincial system the empire was divided into subahs. The subahdar (also called sipahsalar or nazim) was the governor, responsible for law and order, military matters and general administration of the province.

The diwan was the provincial revenue and finance officer, a separate official who reported to the imperial diwan and checked the subahdar's power. The faujdar was in charge of a sarkar (district) and its law and order. 'Prantpal' is not a Mughal office.

Discuss in Forum

29.

For the first time in India by which Act the Governor General of India was given the power of legislating ordinance ?

A.Government of India Act, 1858
B.India Council Act, 1861
C.India Council Act, 1892
D.Morley-Minto Reforms

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The Act was the Indian Councils Act, 1861.

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 empowered the Governor-General to issue ordinances in an emergency, without the concurrence of the legislative council, valid for six months. This was the first grant of the ordinance-making power in India; it is the ancestor of the President's power under Article 123.

The Government of India Act, 1858 transferred power from the East India Company to the Crown. The Indian Councils Act, 1892 enlarged the councils and allowed discussion of the budget. The Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) introduced separate electorates. None first created the ordinance power.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Article 312 of the Indian Constitution provides for .............

A.Setting up of the central services
B.Creation of the Union Public Service Commission
C.Code of conduct for civil servants
D.Creation of the All India Services

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

Article 312 provides for the creation of the All India Services.

Article 312 allows Parliament, if the Rajya Sabha declares by a two-thirds majority that it is necessary in the national interest, to create one or more All India Services common to the Union and the States. The IAS and IPS are deemed to have been created by Parliament under it, and the Indian Forest Service was created under it in 1966.

The Union Public Service Commission is provided for in Article 315. Central services are governed by Article 309, which lets the legislature regulate recruitment and conditions of service. Codes of conduct are made as rules under the All India Services Act and Article 309, not created by Article 312.

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