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Hydraulic Turbines Classification Questions and Answers

1.

The classification of hydraulic turbines according to the type of energy at the inlet of the turbine includes ______.

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB JE - 2023,

Answer: A

On the basis of the type of energy at the inlet, hydraulic turbines are divided into impulse turbines (inlet energy is all kinetic) and reaction turbines (both pressure and kinetic energy at the inlet). So reaction turbines is the answer. Medium-head is a classification by head, tangential flow and mixed flow are classifications by the direction of flow through the runner, so they do not describe the type of energy at the inlet.

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2.

Which of the following turbines is most suitable for high head and low flow rate applications?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB - 2023,

Answer: D

The Pelton turbine is the most suitable for high head and low flow rate. It is an impulse turbine that works with a jet of water at high velocity from a high head, and so it needs a small quantity of water. The Kaplan turbine is for low head and high flow rate and the Francis turbine for medium head and medium flow rate, so they do not suit high head with low flow. The first option as printed is not a standard turbine name.

Specific speed confirms this: a Pelton wheel has a low specific speed, a Francis turbine a medium one and a Kaplan turbine a high one, so high head with low flow points to the Pelton wheel.

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3.

If at the inlet of the turbine, energy available is only kinetic energy, the turbine is known as:

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB JE - 2025, RSMSSB - 2025,

Answer: B

It is an impulse turbine.

In an impulse turbine, such as the Pelton wheel, all the available head is converted into kinetic energy in the nozzle, and the jet strikes the buckets at atmospheric pressure.

In a reaction turbine, such as the Francis turbine (a radial or mixed flow machine), the water enters with both pressure energy and kinetic energy, and pressure keeps falling through the runner.

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