Coastal Zone Management Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Correct answer: withdrawal of cover can render property effectively unsaleable

Insurance is the mechanism through which coastal risk reaches property values most directly. A property that cannot be insured against flooding is very difficult to mortgage and therefore to sell, so its value falls sharply - often long before the physical risk materialises. Insurers price and withdraw cover according to their own assessment of risk, which can move faster than any public policy.

Answer: B

Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism, and market signals act quickly. Regulation by contrast usually operates over a much longer period. Markets respond faster than statute does. Loss of cover has immediate financial consequences.

Answer: C

Physical processes take no account of political boundaries at all. International agreements exist to manage shared seas for exactly this reason. Boundaries mean nothing to a sediment cell. Regional conventions exist for exactly this reason.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Both are true and the reason gives the necessity. Sediment, water, pollutants and fish stocks move across national boundaries without regard to them, so a decision taken in one country affects the coasts of its neighbours. Managing a shared sea therefore requires agreement between the states around it - which is why regional sea conventions exist and why they are so difficult to negotiate.

Answer: A

The first two are correct and are why regional conventions exist. The third is untenable, since pollutants and sediment take no account of a border. Isolation is not available to any coastal state. Shared seas require shared management.

Answer: B

Correct answer: local institutions must be able to sustain the work over time

A programme that depends on external consultants ends when the funding does. Capacity building - training staff, establishing monitoring routines, building the institutional arrangements to use the data - is what allows the work to continue afterwards, and without it the plans are written, filed and never implemented. It supplements the technical work rather than replacing it.

Answer: C

Both are true and the reason gives the reason, and durability is the objective. Institutions and trained people outlast any individual project. Durability is the objective rather than delivery alone. Trained people outlast any single project.

Answer: D

Long resident communities frequently recall changes no monitoring record covers. It complements rather than replaces the instrumental evidence. Residents recall changes no survey ever recorded. The record can extend back many decades.

Answer: A

The first two are correct and describe its proper use. The third overstates it, since recollection is imprecise about magnitudes and about dates. It complements rather than supplants measurement. Both sources are used together in practice.

Answer: B

Decisions must be taken on far less evidence than elsewhere. Low cost monitoring and nature based approaches are correspondingly more attractive. Evidence is scarcer and finance is tighter. Low cost approaches are correspondingly favoured.