Inclusive Education Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Special education courses are regulated by the Rehabilitation Council of India.

The RCI, a statutory body under the Rehabilitation Council of India Act, 1992, regulates and monitors training programmes for professionals in rehabilitation and special education, including B.Ed. and diploma courses in special education, and maintains the Central Rehabilitation Register.

The NCTE regulates general teacher education, and the Medical Council of India regulated medical education. There is no body called the Special Education Council of India.

Answer: D

The tagline fits inclusive education.

Inclusive education means that all children, including those with disabilities and other disadvantages, learn together in regular schools, with the school adapting to their needs. 'Education of all, in school for all' expresses that: every child is educated, and in the same school as everyone else.

Special education provides separately for children with disabilities. Cooperative education combines study with work experience, and 'cohesive education' is not an established term.

Answer: A

The basic philosophy of inclusion is learn together, learn to live together.

Inclusive education holds that all children, including those with disabilities and from disadvantaged groups, should learn together in the same schools and classrooms, with support for their needs. Learning together in childhood prepares all children to live together as equals in society, which is the idea in the phrase.

The other options rearrange the words into phrases such as 'live to learn together' that do not express the principle; the established form is 'learn together, learn to live together'.

Answer: D

The National Institute for the visually impaired is at Dehradun.

The National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities (NIEPVD), formerly the National Institute for the Visually Handicapped, is located at Rajpur Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It produces Braille books, trains teachers of the visually impaired and runs a model school.

Haridwar, Kanpur and Agra are not the location of this national institute. Other national institutes for disabilities are elsewhere, for example the one for hearing disabilities in Mumbai and for intellectual disabilities in Secunderabad.

Answer: D

The key's answer is lack of social interaction.

A learning disability is a specific difficulty in acquiring and using skills such as reading, writing or mathematics, in a child of average or above average intelligence. Common signs are short or unstable attention, difficulty with sequence (letters, numbers, steps) and difficulty transferring and applying knowledge to new situations.

A marked lack of social interaction is the defining feature of autism spectrum disorder, not of learning disability. Children with learning disabilities may have some social difficulties, but the lack of social interaction is not a characteristic used to identify them.

Answer: C

These devices are used for hearing impaired children.

An FM system has a microphone worn by the teacher that transmits speech by radio directly to a receiver worn by the child, often linked to the hearing aid. An audio (induction) loop sends sound as a magnetic signal picked up by the telecoil in a hearing aid. Both overcome distance, background noise and echo in a classroom, so the child hears the teacher clearly.

Children with intellectual disabilities, visual impairment or orthopaedic impairment need other supports, such as simplified materials, Braille and mobility aids, or physical access, not amplification devices.

Answer: A

The association for language disorders is the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA).

ASHA is the professional and accrediting body for speech-language pathologists and audiologists in the United States. Its members assess and treat speech, language, voice, swallowing and hearing disorders, and it publishes widely used definitions of language disorder.

The International Reading Association, renamed the International Literacy Association in 2015, deals with reading and literacy education. The American Psychological Association covers psychology as a whole. Neither is the body specifically associated with language disorders.

Answer: D

Children and young adults generally hear sounds from 20 to 20000 hertz.

The normal range of human hearing is about 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Young people hear the whole range; with age the upper limit falls (presbycusis), often to 12-15 kHz in middle age. The ear is most sensitive between about 2,000 and 5,000 Hz.

The other ranges cut off part of normal hearing. 1,000 to 20,000 Hz omits the low frequencies of speech and music. 200 to 2,000 Hz and 20 to 2,000 Hz omit the high frequencies needed to hear consonants such as s and f.

Answer: B

The intellectual disability is mental retardation.

Mental retardation, the older term for intellectual disability, means significant limitations in intellectual functioning (IQ roughly below 70) and in adaptive behaviour, beginning in the developmental period. It is graded as mild, moderate, severe or profound. The term has since been replaced by 'intellectual disability' in law and practice.

ADHD is a disorder of attention and activity regulation. Autism spectrum disorder affects social communication and behaviour, and may or may not come with intellectual disability. Dyslexia is a specific learning disability in reading, in children of normal intelligence.

Answer: A

The key's answer is severely impaired children, meaning children with severe visual impairment.

The Marathi version of this option in the same booklet reads 'children with severe visual defects'. Orientation and mobility (O&M) instruction teaches blind and severely visually impaired children to know where they are in their surroundings (orientation) and to move about safely and independently (mobility), using the long cane, sighted guide techniques, other senses and, later, guide dogs or electronic aids.

Children with orthopaedic impairment need physiotherapy and mobility aids, not O&M training. Speech-defective and hearing-impaired children need speech therapy, hearing aids and communication training.