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Igneous Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks Questions and Answers

51.

Comparing quartzite with limestone as a foundation rock, quartzite is preferable because it is

Answer: C

Correct answer: insoluble as well as strong

Quartzite is very strong and, being almost pure quartz, chemically inert and insoluble, so it offers neither the solution cavities nor the leakage paths that make limestone so treacherous a foundation. Both rocks are strong when intact; it is the solubility of the carbonate, and the karst that follows from it, that separates them.

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52.

None of the following is a primary sedimentary structure except

Answer: D

Correct answer: graded bedding

Graded bedding forms as the sediment is deposited, from a decelerating current dropping its coarsest load first, so it is a primary sedimentary structure - as are cross-bedding, ripple marks and mud cracks. The other three belong elsewhere: foliation is metamorphic, produced by directed pressure, while columnar jointing and porphyritic texture are both igneous, recording cooling contraction and a two-stage cooling history respectively.

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