Immune System Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following cells of the immune system do not perform phagocytosis?

Correct answer: BasophilBasophils do not phagocytose. They are the circulating counterparts of mast cells: they carry granules of histamine and heparin and release them, driving inflammation and allergic reactions. Macrophages and neutrophils are the principal phagocytes, and eosinophils will engulf antigen-antibody complexes as well as attacking parasites.

Q: Immunological destruction of body tissue or product due to antibodies reacting with it as antigen is called

Correct answer: Autoimmune diseasesWhen antibodies or T cells attack the body’s own tissue as though it were foreign, the result is autoimmune disease - rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus. It represents a failure of self-tolerance. Anaphylaxis is a violent allergic reaction to an external allergen, and immunodeficiency is too little immune activity rather than misdirected activity.

Q: A blood group has both A and B antigens but no antibodies. It is

Correct answer: ABGroup AB red cells carry both antigens, and the plasma consequently carries neither antibody - anti-A or anti-B would destroy the person’s own cells. Having no antibodies is what makes AB the universal recipient; group O, with neither antigen, is the universal donor.

Q: Inflammatory response in allergy is due to release by mast cells of

Correct answer: HistamineHistamine is the principal mediator released when allergen cross-links IgE bound to a mast cell. It dilates small vessels, makes them leaky and contracts smooth muscle - producing the itching, swelling, runny nose and bronchoconstriction of an allergic reaction, which is why antihistamines relieve them.

Q: Which of the following immunity is called the first line of defence?

Correct answer: Innate ImmunityInnate immunity is the first line of defence: it is present from birth, acts within minutes to hours, and meets any invader in the same non-specific way. Acquired immunity is the second line - slower to start, but specific and equipped with memory.

Q: What type of B cell is like a tiny factory that produces antibodies identical to the B cell receptor that bind to the original antigen?

Correct answer: Plasma cellsAn activated B cell divides and matures into plasma cells, which are given over almost entirely to secretion: an expanded endoplasmic reticulum, and an output of thousands of antibody molecules a second, all with the same specificity as the receptor that first met the antigen. Memory cells are the other product of the same activation, but they wait rather than secrete.

Q: Which of these is part of the lymphoid system in humans?

Correct answer: TonsilsThe tonsils are lymphoid tissue, guarding the entrance to the throat, and belong with the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and Peyer’s patches. Liver, stomach and kidneys belong to other systems - though the liver does contain resident macrophages, the Kupffer cells.

Q: Which type of immune cells are responsible for eradicating intracellular pathogens?

Correct answer: natural killer cellsNatural killer cells deal with pathogens hiding inside cells. They do not recognise the pathogen itself; they check whether a cell is displaying its normal MHC class I molecules, and kill it if it is not - which is exactly the state a virus-infected or tumour cell tends to be in. Being part of innate immunity, they act without any prior exposure.

Q: The branch of biology, which involves the study of immune systems in all organisms is called_________.

Correct answer: ImmunologyImmunology is the branch that studies immune systems in all organisms. Zoology studies animals, microbiology micro-organisms, and biotechnology the application of living systems.

51.

Which of the following cells of the immune system do not perform phagocytosis?

A.Macrophage
B.Neutrophil
C.Eosinophil
D.Basophil

Answer: D

Correct answer: Basophil

Basophils do not phagocytose. They are the circulating counterparts of mast cells: they carry granules of histamine and heparin and release them, driving inflammation and allergic reactions. Macrophages and neutrophils are the principal phagocytes, and eosinophils will engulf antigen-antibody complexes as well as attacking parasites.

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52.

Which of the following is an antimicrobial peptide synthesized by lymphocytes?

A.adhesins
B.condensins
C.defensins
D.complement

Answer: C

Defensins are antimicrobial peptides synthesized by the lymphocytes and epithelial cells. The defensins can bind to various pathogenic bacteria and bring about their demise. Similarly, blood also contains complement - a group of soluble proteins that carry out the destruction of pathogens.

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53.

Immunological destruction of body tissue or product due to antibodies reacting with it as antigen is called

A.Anaphylaxis
B.Autoimmune diseases
C.Prophylaxis
D.Immunodeficiency disease

Answer: B

Correct answer: Autoimmune diseases

When antibodies or T cells attack the body’s own tissue as though it were foreign, the result is autoimmune disease - rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus. It represents a failure of self-tolerance. Anaphylaxis is a violent allergic reaction to an external allergen, and immunodeficiency is too little immune activity rather than misdirected activity.

Discuss in Forum

54.

A blood group has both A and B antigens but no antibodies. It is

A.A
B.O
C.AB
D.B

Answer: C

Correct answer: AB

Group AB red cells carry both antigens, and the plasma consequently carries neither antibody - anti-A or anti-B would destroy the person’s own cells. Having no antibodies is what makes AB the universal recipient; group O, with neither antigen, is the universal donor.

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55.

Inflammatory response in allergy is due to release by mast cells of

A.Antibodies
B.Antigens
C.Histamine
D.All the above

Answer: C

Correct answer: Histamine

Histamine is the principal mediator released when allergen cross-links IgE bound to a mast cell. It dilates small vessels, makes them leaky and contracts smooth muscle - producing the itching, swelling, runny nose and bronchoconstriction of an allergic reaction, which is why antihistamines relieve them.

Discuss in Forum

56.

Which of the following immunity is called the first line of defence?

A.Innate Immunity
B.Active immunity
C.Passive immunity
D.Acquired immunity

Answer: A

Correct answer: Innate Immunity

Innate immunity is the first line of defence: it is present from birth, acts within minutes to hours, and meets any invader in the same non-specific way. Acquired immunity is the second line - slower to start, but specific and equipped with memory.

Discuss in Forum

57.

What type of B cell is like a tiny factory that produces antibodies identical to the B cell receptor that bind to the original antigen?

A.T cells
B.Memory cells
C.Plasma cells
D.Macrophages

Answer: C

Correct answer: Plasma cells

An activated B cell divides and matures into plasma cells, which are given over almost entirely to secretion: an expanded endoplasmic reticulum, and an output of thousands of antibody molecules a second, all with the same specificity as the receptor that first met the antigen. Memory cells are the other product of the same activation, but they wait rather than secrete.

Discuss in Forum

58.

Which of these is part of the lymphoid system in humans?

A.Liver
B.Stomach
C.Tonsils
D.Kidneys

Answer: C

Correct answer: Tonsils

The tonsils are lymphoid tissue, guarding the entrance to the throat, and belong with the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and Peyer’s patches. Liver, stomach and kidneys belong to other systems - though the liver does contain resident macrophages, the Kupffer cells.

Discuss in Forum

59.

Which type of immune cells are responsible for eradicating intracellular pathogens?

A.natural killer cells
B.mast cells
C.neurons
D.specific lymphocytes

Answer: A

Correct answer: natural killer cells

Natural killer cells deal with pathogens hiding inside cells. They do not recognise the pathogen itself; they check whether a cell is displaying its normal MHC class I molecules, and kill it if it is not - which is exactly the state a virus-infected or tumour cell tends to be in. Being part of innate immunity, they act without any prior exposure.

Discuss in Forum

60.

The branch of biology, which involves the study of immune systems in all organisms is called_________.

A.Zoology
B.Microbiology
C.Immunology
D.Biotechnology

Answer: C

Correct answer: Immunology

Immunology is the branch that studies immune systems in all organisms. Zoology studies animals, microbiology micro-organisms, and biotechnology the application of living systems.

Discuss in Forum

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