Nature and Development of Social Work Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

The international definition of social work states that it 'promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people'. The profession works for social change precisely because its core purpose is to empower people and enhance their well-being; changing unjust conditions is how that empowerment is achieved.

So the reason does not merely accompany the assertion, it accounts for it, which rules out the option saying it is not the explanation and both one-false options.

Answer: B

The inaccurate pairing is Gopal Hari Deshmukh - Buddhist Movement.

Gopal Hari Deshmukh, known as Lokahitawadi, was a nineteenth-century Maharashtrian reformer whose Shatapatre (hundred letters) attacked caste rigidity, child marriage and the treatment of widows. He was a rationalist Hindu reformer, not a leader of any Buddhist movement; the modern Buddhist movement in Maharashtra is identified with Dr B. R. Ambedkar's conversion of 1956.

The other three pairs are correct. Raja Ram Mohan Roy campaigned for the abolition of sati, which came in 1829. Gandhi fought untouchability and founded the Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1932. Dhondo Keshav Karve championed widow remarriage and widows' education, founding a home for widows in 1896.

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1.

The pairs follow the NASW Code of Ethics, where each core value is stated as an ethical principle:

• Service: the primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems (2).
• Competence: practise within one's areas of competence and develop professional expertise (3).
• Social justice: challenge social injustice (4).
• Dignity and worth of the person: respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person (1).

Option A pairs every value with the wrong principle. Option B links social justice with dignity and dignity with injustice, and option D pairs service with dignity, so both break the code's own wording.

Answer: D

The one that is not an objective of social work is To establish a democratic form of government.

The standard objectives of social work are to enhance people's social functioning, to meet humanitarian needs, to solve problems of adjustment between individuals and their environment, and to develop resources and promote social justice. All of these concern helping people cope and improving the conditions they live in.

Setting up a form of government is a political and constitutional aim. Social work operates within a democratic society and values participation, but founding a system of government is not one of its professional objectives. Options A, B and C are textbook objectives, so they are wrong answers here.

Answer: C

National or international policy work and advocacy is Macro level of intervention.

Social work practice is usually described at three levels. Micro practice works with individuals and families, for example casework and counselling. Mezzo (meso) practice works with small groups, organisations and local communities. Macro practice works on large systems: legislation, social policy, national campaigns and advocacy across countries.

Policy formation on a national or international scale aims to change the whole system, so it is macro. Micro and mezzo are too small in scope, and 'mini level' is not one of the recognised levels at all.

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.

• Social Work Intervention and Management is by Sanjay Bhattacharya (4).
• Theories and Methods of Social Work is the European collection edited by Vesna Leskošek (3).
• Ideologies and Social Work, a historical and contemporary analysis of social work ideologies, is by Murli Desai (2).
• Social Work and Social Welfare in India is P. M. Parmar's book (1).

Option A simply lists the authors in order and gets every pair wrong. Option B gives Ideologies and Social Work to Parmar instead of Desai, and option D gives Theories and Methods of Social Work to Desai instead of Leskošek.

Answer: A

The International Labour Organization was established in April 1919.

The ILO's Constitution was drafted by the Commission on International Labour Legislation at the Paris Peace Conference between January and April 1919 and was adopted by the Conference in April 1919. It then became Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919, and the first International Labour Conference met in Washington in October 1919.

March 1919 is too early: the Constitution was still being drafted. May and June 1920 are too late: by then the ILO was already working, and 1920 is when its office moved to Geneva. The ILO later became the first specialised agency of the United Nations, in 1946.

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Social work education rests on three linked elements: values (the ethics of the profession), theory (knowledge from social work and the social sciences) and practice (skills used with real clients). The Assertion is a standard statement of this.

The Reason explains how the three are held together: field work places students in agencies and communities where they consciously apply their values, theories and skills to real situations. It is because field work is integral that education can be built on values, theory and practice together, so the key reads (R) as explaining (A). Options C and D fail because both statements are accepted as true.

Answer: D

The incorrect pair is Richard Clarke - Community Based Organisation.

The other three are standard pairings in the history of social work. Mary Richmond worked with the Charity Organization Society in Baltimore and Philadelphia and built social casework on its methods. Jane Addams founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889 and led the settlement house movement in the United States. William Penn's Quaker colony of Pennsylvania is linked with the early almshouse, the indoor relief of the colonial period.

Richard Clarke has no recognised place in the history of community-based organisations, so the pair the paper builds around him is the one that does not match.

Answer: C

The first American Charity Organisation Society was set up in Buffalo.

The Reverend S. Humphreys Gurteen, who had seen the London Charity Organisation Society at work, founded the Buffalo Charity Organization Society in 1877. It coordinated relief among agencies, investigated each applicant and used 'friendly visitors', methods that later grew into social casework.

Societies in other cities, including Boston and Chicago, followed in the years after Buffalo's. San Francisco was not the first either.